| Sharada script Śāradā 𑆯𑆳𑆫𑆢𑆳 | |
|---|---|
 The wordśāradā in Sharada script | |
| Script type | |
Period | 700 CE –present (almost extinct)[1] |
| Direction | Left-to-right  |
| Region | India,Pakistan,Central Asia |
| Languages | Sanskrit,Kashmiri |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Takri Landa |
Sister systems | Siddham,Tibetan,[2][3]Kalinga,Bhaiksuki |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Shrd(319), Sharada, Śāradā |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Sharada |
| U+11180–U+111DF | |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| TheBrahmi script and its descendants |
TheŚāradā,Sarada orSharada script is anabugida writing system of theBrahmic family of scripts. The script was widespread between the 8th and 12th centuries in the northwestern parts of Indian Subcontinent (inKashmir and neighbouring areas), for writingSanskrit andKashmiri.[4][1][5] Although originally a signatureBrahminical script created in the valley, it was more widespread throughout northwestern Indian subcontinent, and later became restricted to Kashmir, and is now rarely used, except by theKashmiri Pandit community for religious purposes.[1]
It is a native script of Kashmir and is named after the goddess Śāradā orSaraswati, the goddess of learning and the mainHindu deity of theSharada Peeth temple.[7]
Sharda script is named after the Hindu goddess Śāradā, also known asSaraswati, the goddess of learning and the mainHindu deity of theSharada Peeth temple.[7]
Although originally a script restricted to onlyBrahmins, Sharda was later spread throughout the larger Hindu population in Northwestern Indian subcontinent, asHinduism became the dominant religion in the region again.[7][8][9]
TheBakhshali manuscript uses an early stage of the Sharada script.[4] The Sharada script was used in Afghanistan as well as in theHimachal region in India. In Afghanistan, theKabul Ganesh has a 6th to 8th century Proto-Sharada[clarification needed] inscription mentioning the,Turk Shahis, kingKhingala ofOddiyana.[10] At the historic temple of Mirkula Devi (also Mrikula Devi) in Lahaul, [Himachal Pradesh], the goddess Mahishamardini has a Sharada inscription of 1569 CE.[11]
From the 10th century onwards, regional differences started to appear between the Sharada script used in Punjab, the Hill States (partlyHimachal Pradesh) andKashmir. Sharada proper was eventually restricted to very limited ceremonial use in Kashmir, as it grew increasingly unsuitable for writing theKashmiri language.[12] With the last known inscription dating to 1204 C.E., the early 13th century marks a milestone in the development of Sharada.[12] The regional variety inPunjab continued to evolve from this stage through the 14th century; during this period it starts to appear in forms closely resemblingGurmukhī and otherLanda scripts. By the 15th century, Sharada had evolved so considerably thatepigraphists denote the script at this point by a special name,Devāśeṣa.[12]
| Letter | Diacritic on⟨𑆥⟩ | Special forms |
|---|---|---|
𑆃- a IPA:[ɐ] | 𑆥pa | |
𑆄𑆳 ā IPA:[aː] | 𑆥𑆳pā | 𑆕 →𑆕𑆳;𑆘 →𑆘𑆳;𑆛 →𑆛𑆳;𑆟 →𑆟𑆳 |
𑆅𑆴 i IPA:[ɪ] | 𑆥𑆴pi | |
𑆆𑆵 ī IPA:[iː] | 𑆥𑆵pī | |
𑆇𑆶 u IPA:[ʊ] | 𑆥𑆶pu | 𑆑 →𑆑𑆶;𑆓 →𑆓𑆶;𑆙 →𑆙𑆶;𑆚 →𑆚𑆶;𑆝 →𑆝𑆶;𑆠 →𑆠𑆶;𑆨 →𑆨𑆶;𑆫 →𑆫𑆶;𑆯 →𑆯𑆶 |
𑆈𑆷 ū IPA:[uː] | 𑆥𑆷pū | 𑆑 →𑆑𑆷;𑆓 →𑆓𑆷;𑆙 →𑆙𑆷;𑆚 →𑆚𑆷;𑆝 →𑆝𑆷;𑆠 →𑆠𑆷;𑆨 →𑆨𑆷;𑆫 →𑆫𑆷;𑆯 →𑆯𑆷 |
𑆉𑆸 r̥ IPA:[r̩] | 𑆥𑆸pr̥ | 𑆑 →𑆑𑆸 |
𑆊𑆹 r̥̄ IPA:[r̩ː] | 𑆥𑆹pr̥̄ | 𑆑 →𑆑𑆹 |
𑆋𑆺 l̥ IPA:[l̩] | 𑆥𑆺pl̥ | |
𑆌𑆻 l̥̄ IPA:[l̩ː] | 𑆥𑆻pl̥̄ | |
𑆍𑆼 ē IPA:[eː] | 𑆥𑆼pē | |
𑆎𑆽 ai IPA:[aːi̯],[ai],[ɐi],[ɛi] | 𑆥𑆽pai | |
𑆏𑆾 ō IPA:[oː] | 𑆥𑆾pō | |
𑆐𑆿 au IPA:[aːu̯],[au],[ɐu],[ɔu] | 𑆥𑆿pau | |
𑆃𑆀𑆀 am̐ IPA:[◌̃] | 𑆥𑆀pam̐ | |
𑆃𑆁𑆁 aṃ IPA:[n],[m] | 𑆥𑆁paṃ | |
𑆃𑆂𑆂 aḥ IPA:[h] | 𑆥𑆂paḥ |
𑆑 ka IPA:[kɐ] | 𑆒 kha IPA:[kʰɐ] | 𑆓 ga IPA:[ɡɐ] | 𑆔 gha IPA:[ɡʱɐ] | 𑆕 ṅa IPA:[ŋɐ] |
𑆖 ca IPA:[tɕɐ] | 𑆗 cha IPA:[tɕʰɐ] | 𑆘 ja IPA:[dʑɐ] | 𑆙 jha IPA:[dʑʱɐ] | 𑆚 ña IPA:[ɲɐ] |
𑆛 ṭa IPA:[ʈɐ] | 𑆜 ṭha IPA:[ʈʰɐ] | 𑆝 ḍa IPA:[ɖɐ] | 𑆞 ḍha IPA:[ɖʱɐ] | 𑆟 ṇa IPA:[ɳɐ] |
𑆠 ta IPA:[tɐ] | 𑆡 tha IPA:[tʰɐ] | 𑆢 da IPA:[dɐ] | 𑆣 dha IPA:[dʱɐ] | 𑆤 na IPA:[nɐ] |
𑆥 pa IPA:[pɐ] | 𑆦 pha IPA:[pʰɐ] | 𑆧 ba IPA:[bɐ] | 𑆨 bha IPA:[bʱɐ] | 𑆩 ma IPA:[mɐ] |
𑆪 ya IPA:[jɐ] | 𑆫 ra IPA:[rɐ],[ɾɐ],[ɽɐ],[ɾ̪ɐ] | 𑆬 la IPA:[lɐ] | 𑆭 ḷa IPA:[ɭɐ] | 𑆮 va IPA:[ʋɐ] |
𑆯 śa IPA:[ɕɐ] | 𑆰 ṣa IPA:[ʂɐ] | 𑆱 sa IPA:[sɐ] | 𑆲 ha IPA:[ɦɐ] |
0 𑇐 | 1 𑇑 | 2 𑇒 | 3 𑇓 | 4 𑇔 | 5 𑇕 | 6 𑇖 | 7 𑇗 | 8 𑇘 | 9 𑇙 |
Sharada script uses its own signs for thepositionaldecimal numeral system.
Śāradā script was added to theUnicode Standard in January, 2012 with the release of version 6.1.[13]
The Unicode block for Śāradā script, called Sharada, is U+11180–U+111DF:
| Sharada[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1118x | 𑆀 | 𑆁 | 𑆂 | 𑆃 | 𑆄 | 𑆅 | 𑆆 | 𑆇 | 𑆈 | 𑆉 | 𑆊 | 𑆋 | 𑆌 | 𑆍 | 𑆎 | 𑆏 |
| U+1119x | 𑆐 | 𑆑 | 𑆒 | 𑆓 | 𑆔 | 𑆕 | 𑆖 | 𑆗 | 𑆘 | 𑆙 | 𑆚 | 𑆛 | 𑆜 | 𑆝 | 𑆞 | 𑆟 |
| U+111Ax | 𑆠 | 𑆡 | 𑆢 | 𑆣 | 𑆤 | 𑆥 | 𑆦 | 𑆧 | 𑆨 | 𑆩 | 𑆪 | 𑆫 | 𑆬 | 𑆭 | 𑆮 | 𑆯 |
| U+111Bx | 𑆰 | 𑆱 | 𑆲 | 𑆳 | 𑆴 | 𑆵 | 𑆶 | 𑆷 | 𑆸 | 𑆹 | 𑆺 | 𑆻 | 𑆼 | 𑆽 | 𑆾 | 𑆿 |
| U+111Cx | 𑇀 | 𑇁 | 𑇂 | 𑇃 | 𑇄 | 𑇅 | 𑇆 | 𑇇 | 𑇈 | 𑇉 | 𑇊 | 𑇋 | 𑇌 | 𑇍 | 𑇎 | 𑇏 |
| U+111Dx | 𑇐 | 𑇑 | 𑇒 | 𑇓 | 𑇔 | 𑇕 | 𑇖 | 𑇗 | 𑇘 | 𑇙 | 𑇚 | 𑇛 | 𑇜 | 𑇝 | 𑇞 | 𑇟 |
Notes
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...the emergence and spread of Hinduism through Indian society helped lead to Buddhism's gradual decline in India.