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Čurug | |
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 Čurug, center | |
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  Čurug  Čurug  Čurug | |
| Coordinates:45°28′N20°4′E / 45.467°N 20.067°E /45.467; 20.067 | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Province |  Vojvodina |
| District | South Bačka District |
| Municipality | Žabalj |
| Area | |
• Total | 136.90 km2 (52.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 76 m (249 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 8,166 |
| • Density | 59.65/km2 (154.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Čurug (Serbian Cyrillic:Чуруг;Hungarian:Csúrog) is a village located in the municipality ofŽabalj, Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province ofVojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 8,166 inhabitants (as of 2011 census).
InSerbian, the village is known as Чуруг orČurug, inHungarian asCsúrog, and inPannonian Rusyn asЧуроґ orЧуруґ.
The village of Čurug is situated in the wide lowlands of the south-eastern part of theBačka region, in the place where the riverTisa creates its greatest meander down its flow.
It is bordered by the settlements ofBačko Gradište (to the north),Kumane andNovi Bečej (northeast),Taraš (east),Gospođinci (south),Temerin (southwest),Nadalj (northwest), andŽabalj (south-southeast).
The fact of it being settled in one of the highest parts of planes (82 m sea-level) is one of the main reasons the village always managed to avoid floods, and for being constantly populated during its long history.
Severalarchaeological sites are located around the village (Archeological Site ofStari Vinogradi), mainly from time ofRoman Empire and earlyMiddle Ages. Traces of ancientIndo-European peoples, notably ofIazyges andCelts, are also discovered at this location. The archaeologists have found traces ofSlavic settlement from the 9th-10th century,[2] as well as the more distinctive ethnic traces ofSerb settlement from the 15th century.[3]
It is one of the oldest Vojvodinian settlements, mentioned as far as in 1238 (during the administration of theKingdom of Hungary)[4] under nameChurlack (Csúrlak,Čurlak). In 1325, it was mentioned asChorug, in 1332/1337 asChurvuk, in 1338/1342 asCharug, in 1363 asCsurog, and in 1380 asCurgug. By 1440, it was part of the Serbian despotĐurađ Branković's feudal lands. During Ottoman administration, it was recorded asCsaragh (in 1551),Chyrogd (in 1553), andCzurok (in 1656).
DuringOttoman administration (16th - 17th century), Čurug was part of theSanjak of Segedin and nahija ofTitel. There was also Ottoman fort near the village, whose commander was beg Melković, who was also commander of forts inBečej andBečkerek. During the war between Ottomans andHabsburgs, in 1687/88, village was burned and destroyed.
During Habsburg administration, the village was rebuilt (in 1699). From 1703 to 1751, Čurug was part of HabsburgMilitary Frontier and from 1751 to 1769, it was part of theDistrict of Potisje. From 1769 to 1873, it was again part of the Military Frontier, and from 1873 to 1918, it was part of theBačka-Bodrog county within theKingdom of Hungary andAustria-Hungary. In 1720, village had about 600 inhabitants, most of whom were Serbs and there was also one Hungarian family in the village.
Čurug was the strongest settlement in Šajkaš lands, and it played a prominent role in the events of the revolution of 1848-1849 when the people of the town met and proclaimed their struggle for their rights and freedom.[4]
In 1880, population of Čurug numbered 6,406 inhabitants, including 4,961 (77%) Serbs, 981 (15%) Hungarians, 181 (2.8%) Germans, 96 (1.5%) Jews, etc. In 1910, population numbered 10,377 inhabitants, including 7,211 (69.5%) Serbs, 2,730 (26.30%) Hungarians, 203 (1.96%) Jews, 171 (1.65%) Germans, etc.[citation needed]
After the World War I, Čurug became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and subsequent South Slavic states.From 1941 to 1944, the town was underAxis occupation withinHorthy'sHungary. On 6 January 1942Hungarian troops and police entered Čurug searching for suspected partisans. They rounded up civilians, including women and children, and removed them to barns, storage buildings, and municipal buildings. Although some were released, some 900 people were reportedly murdered. Their bodies were stripped of all valuables.[5] During theCommunist purges in Serbia in 1944–45, Tito's partisans deported and exterminated almost the entire Hungarian population on charges of collective guilt. Following that, settlers from Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived in the village.[6]
First church in Čurug was mentioned in 1739, while today's Serbian Orthodox Church was built between 1860-1862.[4][7] The massive white marble iconostasis partition was designed byMihailo Valtrović and painted byĐorđe Krstić in the last decade of the 19th century. It is the third largest Serbian church, after The Church of Saint Sava and St Mark's Church in Belgrade.[8] Čurug's church is protected as acultural monument of exceptional importance.[7]
Čurug's historic windmill dates back from 1843. It is one of the few preserved windmills in the region, protected as acultural monument of great importance.[9]
Dunavarsány, Hungary,since2021
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