Úsov | |
|---|---|
 Úsov as seen from the Úsov Castle | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Úsov Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°47′54″N17°0′38″E / 49.79833°N 17.01056°E /49.79833; 17.01056 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Olomouc |
| District | Šumperk |
| First mentioned | 1260 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Benedikt Lavrinčík |
| Area | |
• Total | 9.31 km2 (3.59 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 280 m (920 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 1,167 |
| • Density | 130/km2 (320/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 789 73 |
| Website | www |
Úsov (German:Mährisch Aussee) is a town inŠumperk District in theOlomouc Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.
Úsov consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2]
Bezděkov u Úsova forms anexclave of the municipal territory.
The name was probably derived from the personal name Ús. The personal name arose from the old Czech wordvús (in modern Czechvous), meaning 'beard'. The German name Aussee was created by transcription of the Czech name. In the first half of the 20th century, the name Mährisch Aussee ('Moravian Aussee') was used in German.[3] The Jewish community called the townאויסא (Ojsa).
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Úsov is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south ofŠumperk and 28 km (17 mi) northwest ofOlomouc. It lies in theHanušovice Highlands. The highest point, located in the territory's exclave, is at 410 m (1,350 ft) above sea level. The Doubravka Stream flows through the village of Úsov. Polický Pond is situated northwest of the village.
The first written mention of Úsov is from 1260. The castle was built around 1250.[4] Before 1487 thelords of Vlašim modified the castle. In the 16th century, Úsov was in the possession of the lords ofBoskovice, and in 1597 it was acquired by theHouse of Liechtenstein. The Liechtensteins owned the castle until 1945.[5][6]
The castle was damaged during theSwedish occupation in 1643. During the rule byHans-Adam I of Liechtenstein, in 1692–1699, it was reconstructed and partially rebuilt into a large three-storey Baroque residence, designed byDomenico Martinelli.[5]
In 1852 the Moravian-Silesian Silviculture School was founded in Úsov, which operated here until 1867. It was one of the oldest high schools inMoravia.[6]
In 1860 there were 245 houses in Úsov with 2,662 inhabitants, of whom 950 were Jewish.[7]
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Presence of the Jews in the town was first documented in 1564. The Jewish quarter was established in 1589. In 1609, the community warranted its first rabbi. However, in 1643, the developing community was affected by the invasion of Swedish troops, which caused many loss of life.[8]
Around 1645, the cemetery was established. The synagogue destroyed during the war was replaced by a new one in 1688. In the late 17th century, the community lived under the protection of Prince of Liechtenstein, and in the 1700s, the number of families reached 110. As a result ofanti-Semitic tensions, a conflict ensued in 1721 and the synagogue had to be demolished in 1722.[8]
The third synagogue was built in 1783–1784. Due to the constantly declining population, the local Jewish community was amalgamated with the neighbouring communities in 1890.Šumperk became the seat of the Jewish religious congregation. The synagogue was used until 1938, when the interior was demolished during theKristallnacht. The Jewish community disappeared duringWorld War II as a result ofthe Holocaust.[8][9]
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There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.
The castle houses a museum, which was founded here byJohann II, Prince of Liechtenstein in 1898. The Hunting and Forestry Museum contains a unique collection of trophies from Liechtenstein expeditions from around the world. There is about 10,000 exhibits and it is the largest museum of its kind inCentral Europe.[5]
The Church of Saint Giles was built in the Baroque style in 1736. Behind the church is a Baroque granary from the late 18th century.[4]
The building of the former synagogue is repaired and contains a museum exhibition. Near the synagogue is the Jewish cemetery.[9] The cemetery contains about 500 tombstones and the oldest readable is from 1745.[8]
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