Winnebago County, Illinois | |
|---|---|
 Winnebago County Justice Center | |
 Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofIllinois | |
| Coordinates:42°20′N89°10′W / 42.33°N 89.16°W /42.33; -89.16 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Illinois |
| Founded | January 16, 1836 |
| Named after | Winnebago (Ho-Chunk) people |
| Seat | Rockford |
| Largest city | Rockford |
| Area | |
• Total | 519 sq mi (1,340 km2) |
| • Land | 513 sq mi (1,330 km2) |
| • Water | 5.9 sq mi (15 km2) 1.1% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 285,350 |
• Estimate (2024) | 283,790 [1] |
| • Density | 556/sq mi (215/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional districts | 16th,17th |
| Website | wincoil |
Winnebago County is acounty located in theU.S. state ofIllinois. According to the2020 census, it had a population of 285,350 making it the seventh most populous county in Illinois behindCook County and its five surroundingcollar counties. Itscounty seat isRockford.[2] Winnebago County is the central county of theRockford metropolitan area.
Winnebago County was formed on January 16, 1836, out ofJo Daviess andLaSalle counties. It was named for theHo-Chunk or Winnebago tribe ofNative Americans. At the time the county was founded its inhabitants consisted almost entirely of New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York.[3] These were "Yankee" settlers, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England during the early 1600s. They made up virtually all of Winnebago County's inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. In this regard the county was similar to most of the northern portion of the state of Illinois, and almost all of the neighboring state of Wisconsin. After the conclusion of theBlack Hawk War there was an additional surge of immigration fromNew England. As a result of this heritage the inhabitants of Winnebago County considered themselves, and functioned as, a cultural expansion of early New England culture.[4] In the presidential election of 1860,Abraham Lincoln won 3,985 votes in Winnebago County, whereasStephen A. Douglas only won 817 votes.[5]
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 519 square miles (1,340 km2), of which 513 square miles (1,330 km2) is land and 5.9 square miles (15 km2) (1.1%) is water.[6]
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In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Rockford have ranged from a low of 11 °F (−12 °C) in January to a high of 83 °F (28 °C) in July, although a record low of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded in January 1982 and a record high of 112 °F (44 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.34 inches (34 mm) in February to 4.80 inches (122 mm) in June.[7]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 4,609 | — | |
| 1850 | 11,773 | 155.4% | |
| 1860 | 24,491 | 108.0% | |
| 1870 | 29,301 | 19.6% | |
| 1880 | 30,505 | 4.1% | |
| 1890 | 39,938 | 30.9% | |
| 1900 | 47,845 | 19.8% | |
| 1910 | 63,153 | 32.0% | |
| 1920 | 90,929 | 44.0% | |
| 1930 | 117,373 | 29.1% | |
| 1940 | 121,178 | 3.2% | |
| 1950 | 152,385 | 25.8% | |
| 1960 | 209,765 | 37.7% | |
| 1970 | 246,623 | 17.6% | |
| 1980 | 250,884 | 1.7% | |
| 1990 | 252,913 | 0.8% | |
| 2000 | 278,418 | 10.1% | |
| 2010 | 295,266 | 6.1% | |
| 2020 | 285,350 | −3.4% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 283,790 | [8] | −0.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[9] 1790–1960[10] 1900–1990[11] 1990–2000[12] 2010–2019[13] | |||
As of the2020 census, the county had a population of 285,350, the median age was 40.0 years, 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18, and 18.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older.[14]
For every 100 females there were 96.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 93.5 males age 18 and over.[14]
The racial makeup of the county was 67.0%White, 13.7%Black or African American, 0.6%American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.8%Asian, <0.1%Native Hawaiian andPacific Islander, 6.7% from some other race, and 9.2% fromtwo or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 14.4% of the population.[15]
90.3% of residents lived in urban areas, while 9.7% lived in rural areas.[16]
There were 115,459 households in the county, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 42.6% were married-couple households, 19.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 29.4% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[14]
There were 124,983 housing units, of which 7.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 65.2% were owner-occupied and 34.8% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.8%.[14]
As of the2010 census, there were 295,266 people, 115,501 households, and 76,854 families residing in the county.[17] The population density was 575.2 inhabitants per square mile (222.1/km2). There were 125,965 housing units at an average density of 245.4 per square mile (94.7/km2).[6] The racial makeup of the county was 77.4% white, 12.2% black or African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 4.9% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 10.9% of the population.[17] In terms of ancestry, 25.6% wereGerman, 13.5% wereIrish, 9.4% wereAmerican, 8.7% wereSwedish, 8.3% wereEnglish, and 7.4% wereItalian.[18]
Of the 115,501 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.5% were non-families, and 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 38.3 years.[17]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,198 and the median income for a family was $59,814. Males had a median income of $48,358 versus $32,103 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,008. About 11.5% of families and 15.9% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[19]
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[20] | Pop 1990[21] | Pop 2000[22] | Pop 2010[23] | Pop 2020[24] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 222,134 | 218,403 | 220,817 | 214,196 | 183,235 | 88.54% | 86.35% | 79.31% | 72.54% | 64.21% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 20,830 | 23,053 | 29,038 | 35,358 | 38,240 | 8.30% | 9.11% | 10.43% | 11.97% | 13.40% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 509 | 604 | 584 | 563 | 559 | 0.20% | 0.24% | 0.21% | 0.19% | 0.20% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 1,222 | 2,899 | 4,719 | 6,722 | 7,938 | 0.49% | 1.15% | 1.69% | 2.28% | 2.78% |
| Native Hawaiian orPacific Islander alone (NH) | x[25] | x[26] | 76 | 61 | 66 | x | x | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 790 | 183 | 216 | 319 | 1,099 | 0.31% | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.11% | 0.39% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x[27] | x[28] | 3,762 | 5,870 | 13,261 | x | x | 1.35% | 1.99% | 4.65% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5,399 | 7,771 | 19,206 | 32,177 | 40,952 | 2.15% | 3.07% | 6.90% | 10.90% | 14.35% |
| Total | 250,884 | 252,913 | 278,418 | 295,266 | 285,350 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Winnebago County is divided into thesetownships:
For many years, Winnebago County was rather conservative for an urban county. From the 1850s to 1988, it backed the Republican candidates for president at every election except the national Democratic landslides of 1936 and 1964. In the 1990s, it became a swing county, backing the national winner in every presidential election from 1992 to 2012, though only three did so with a majority and only once by more than six percentage points. In 2016,Hillary Clinton won the county by only 89 votes overDonald Trump, affected by the relatively large third-party vote that year.
Underlining how Republican Winnebago County once was, only three Democrats have represented a significant portion of the county in Congress since the 1850s.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1892 | 5,854 | 62.50% | 2,634 | 28.12% | 878 | 9.37% |
| 1896 | 8,242 | 75.10% | 2,447 | 22.30% | 286 | 2.61% |
| 1900 | 8,103 | 72.69% | 2,498 | 22.41% | 546 | 4.90% |
| 1904 | 8,143 | 74.80% | 1,177 | 10.81% | 1,567 | 14.39% |
| 1908 | 8,919 | 71.54% | 2,163 | 17.35% | 1,385 | 11.11% |
| 1912 | 2,537 | 21.32% | 2,276 | 19.12% | 7,089 | 59.56% |
| 1916 | 14,893 | 65.04% | 6,198 | 27.07% | 1,806 | 7.89% |
| 1920 | 19,913 | 79.23% | 3,355 | 13.35% | 1,866 | 7.42% |
| 1924 | 21,978 | 71.32% | 2,228 | 7.23% | 6,608 | 21.44% |
| 1928 | 33,258 | 80.39% | 7,684 | 18.57% | 430 | 1.04% |
| 1932 | 26,632 | 57.12% | 17,707 | 37.98% | 2,286 | 4.90% |
| 1936 | 24,997 | 46.30% | 27,200 | 50.38% | 1,792 | 3.32% |
| 1940 | 30,683 | 51.89% | 28,061 | 47.46% | 383 | 0.65% |
| 1944 | 30,837 | 52.31% | 27,831 | 47.22% | 277 | 0.47% |
| 1948 | 29,537 | 51.54% | 27,145 | 47.36% | 631 | 1.10% |
| 1952 | 43,468 | 57.95% | 31,409 | 41.88% | 127 | 0.17% |
| 1956 | 48,332 | 62.38% | 29,063 | 37.51% | 89 | 0.11% |
| 1960 | 49,541 | 55.20% | 40,090 | 44.67% | 110 | 0.12% |
| 1964 | 39,920 | 44.98% | 48,834 | 55.02% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 47,646 | 52.51% | 36,702 | 40.45% | 6,391 | 7.04% |
| 1972 | 57,682 | 61.46% | 35,937 | 38.29% | 231 | 0.25% |
| 1976 | 52,736 | 54.15% | 42,399 | 43.54% | 2,252 | 2.31% |
| 1980 | 48,825 | 46.46% | 32,384 | 30.82% | 23,880 | 22.72% |
| 1984 | 64,203 | 58.66% | 44,629 | 40.78% | 619 | 0.57% |
| 1988 | 55,699 | 54.85% | 45,280 | 44.59% | 571 | 0.56% |
| 1992 | 42,221 | 37.63% | 48,298 | 43.04% | 21,696 | 19.33% |
| 1996 | 44,479 | 44.52% | 46,264 | 46.31% | 9,167 | 9.18% |
| 2000 | 53,816 | 49.24% | 51,981 | 47.56% | 3,500 | 3.20% |
| 2004 | 60,782 | 50.06% | 59,740 | 49.20% | 903 | 0.74% |
| 2008 | 53,886 | 42.53% | 70,034 | 55.27% | 2,784 | 2.20% |
| 2012 | 55,138 | 46.18% | 61,732 | 51.70% | 2,527 | 2.12% |
| 2016 | 55,624 | 46.33% | 55,713 | 46.41% | 8,718 | 7.26% |
| 2020 | 60,861 | 47.49% | 64,056 | 49.98% | 3,243 | 2.53% |
| 2024 | 59,257 | 48.56% | 59,942 | 49.13% | 2,819 | 2.31% |
School districts include:[30]
There is one secondary school district with territory in the county:Hononegah Community High School District 207.[30]
Elementary school districts include:[30]
Places adjacent to Winnebago County, Illinois | |
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Municipalities and communities ofWinnebago County, Illinois,United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
| Villages | ||
| Townships | ||
| CDPs | ||
| Other communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
42°20′11″N89°09′39″W / 42.33639°N 89.16083°W /42.33639; -89.16083
