TheWeb platform is a collection of technologies developed asopen standards by theWorld Wide Web Consortium and other standardization bodies such as theWeb Hypertext Application Technology Working Group, theUnicode Consortium, theInternet Engineering Task Force, andEcma International.[1] It is theumbrella term introduced by theWorld Wide Web Consortium, and in 2011 it was defined as "a platform for innovation, consolidation and cost efficiencies" by W3C CEO Jeff Jaffe.[2] Being built onThe evergreen Web (where rapid, automatic software updates, vendor co-operation, standardization, and competition take place) has allowed for the addition of new capabilities while addressing security and privacy risks. Additionally, developers are enabled to build interoperable content on a cohesive platform.[3]
The Web platform includes technologies—computer languages andAPIs—that were originally created in relation to the publication ofWeb pages. This includesHTML,[4]CSS,SVG,MathML,[5]WAI-ARIA,ECMAScript,WebGL,Web Storage,Indexed Database API,Web Components,WebAssembly,WebGPU,Web Workers,WebSocket,Geolocation API,Server-Sent Events,DOM Events, Media Fragments,XMLHttpRequest,Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, File API,RDFa,WOFF,HTTP,TLS 1.2, andIRI.[6][7]
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| HTML |
|---|
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| HTML and variants |
| HTML elements and attributes |
| Editing |
| Character encodings and language |
| Document and browser models |
| Client-side scripting and APIs |
| Graphics and Web3D technology |
| Comparisons |
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standardmarkup language[a] for documents designed to be displayed in aweb browser. It defines the content and structure ofweb content. It is often assisted by technologies such asCascading Style Sheets (CSS) andscripting languages such asJavaScript.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from aweb server or from local storage andrender the documents intomultimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of aweb pagesemantically and originally included cues for its appearance.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs,images and other objects such asinteractive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to createstructured documents by denoting structuralsemantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists,links, quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated bytags, written usingangle brackets. Tags such as<img> and<input> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as<p> and</p> surround and provide information about document text and may include sub-element tags.Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed programs written in ascripting language such asJavaScript, which affects the behavior and content of web pages. The inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. TheWorld Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use ofCSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.[update][9] A form of HTML, known asHTML5, is used to display video and audio, primarily using the<canvas> element, together with JavaScript.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g., fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents.[10]
| Scalable Vector Graphics |
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Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is anXML-basedvector graphics format for definingtwo-dimensional graphics, having support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is anopen standard developed by theWorld Wide Web Consortium since 1999.
SVG images are defined in a vector graphics format and stored in XML text files. SVG images can thus bescaled in size without loss of quality, and SVG files can besearched,indexed,scripted, andcompressed. The XML text files can be created and edited withtext editors orvector graphics editors, and are rendered by mostweb browsers. SVG can includeJavaScript, potentially leading tocross-site scripting.
No one has volunteered to edit the HTML Microdata specification as per the call for volunteers … Therefore, the HTML WG hereby resolves that the HTML WG cannot productively carry this work any further