 State Route 410 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 A map of theCascade Range northeast ofMount Rainier and surrounding foothills with SR 410 highlighted in red. | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Maintained byWSDOT | ||||
| Length | 107.44 mi[1] (172.91 km) | |||
| Existed | 1967[2][3]–present | |||
| Tourist routes |  Chinook Scenic Byway | |||
| Restrictions | Segment throughChinook Pass closed during winter | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| West end |  SR 167 inSumner | |||
| Major intersections |  SR 165 inBuckley SR 164 inEnumclaw SR 123 atCayuse Pass | |||
| East end |  US 12 inNaches | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | United States | |||
| State | Washington | |||
| Counties | Pierce,King,Yakima | |||
| Highway system | ||||
| ||||
State Route 410 (SR 410, partially named theChinook Scenic Byway, and also named theStephen Mather Memorial Parkway) is a 107.44-mile (172.91 km) longstate highway that traversesPierce,King, andYakima counties in the US state ofWashington. It begins at an interchange withSR 167 inSumner and travels southeast across theCascade Range to a junction withU.S. Route 12 (US 12) inNaches. While the western part of SR 410 is a freeway that serves built-up, urban areas, the remainder of the route is a surface road that traverses mostly rural areas as it passes through the mountains.
The route starts as alimited-access southerlybypass of Downtown Sumner, but becomes a surface road east of the city. Traveling eastward, the roadway servesBonney Lake andBuckley, and crosses and eventually parallels theWhite River intoEnumclaw andGreenwater. SR 410 enters theMount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and later heads intoMount Rainier National Park, crossing theCayuse andChinook passes, and leaves the park southeast along theAmerican River intoWenatchee National Forest. SR 410 leaves the national forest and travels parallel to theNaches River to end in Naches, a city located west ofYakima. The Chinook Scenic Byway begins in Enumclaw and follows the highway through the two national forests and Mount Rainier National Park to US 12 in Naches.
Modern SR 410 was parts of various state wagon roads until 1926 whenUS 410 was established, extending fromAberdeen toLewiston, Idaho. US 410 was decommissioned after US 12 was extended over the majority of the highway in 1967, bypassingOlympia andChinook Pass. A segment of former US 410 fromElma to Olympia becameSR 8 and theTacoma to Naches segment became SR 410. The highway was later shortened to end in Sumner and was replaced bySR 167 from Tacoma to Sumner.
SR 410 begins as a freeway at an interchange withSR 167 nearDowntown Sumner.[4] The highway travels southeast across suburban areas, crossing theStuck River and passing apartial cloverleaf interchange with Linden Drive,[5] also named Traffic Avenue. After a second partial cloverleaf interchange with Thompson Avenue, SR 410 goes under a railroad trestle owned byBNSF Railway and used byAmtrak'sCascades rail service,[6][7] near the northernbank of thePuyallup River.[5] After turning northeast, SR 410 encounters the western terminus ofSR 162 by way of adiamond interchange. SR 162 travels north into Downtown Sumner as Valley Avenue and south over the Puyallup River towardsOrting.[8] The freeway section near the interchange was the busiest recorded part of SR 410 in 2008 with adaily average of 59,000 motorists using the freeway.[9] Continuing northeast, SR 410 connects to 166th Avenue and turns southeast as anundivided highway into the community ofBonney Lake.[10] East of Bonney Lake, the roadway heads east, passing two shopping centers before enteringBuckley and intersectingSR 165. In Buckley, the street travels northeast through Downtown and turns north to cross theWhite River and enterKing County.[1][11]
After leavingPierce County, the highway travels northeast through rural areas intoEnumclaw and passesEnumclaw High School before turning east and being renamed Roosevelt Avenue.[1] As Roosevelt Avenue, the street intersects Griffin Avenue, also designatedSR 164, which travels northwest toSR 169 andAuburn. The roadway, now named the Chinook Scenic Byway,[12] passes by the King County Fairgrounds and Enumclaw King County Park.[13][14][15] Leaving Enumclaw in a southeastern direction, SR 410 begins to parallel the White River upriver intoFederation Forest State Park, a 619-acre (2.51 km2; 0.967 sq mi) state park consisting of old growthevergreen forests.[16][17] The highway crosses theGreenwater River, northeast of itsconfluence with the White River, and re-enters Pierce County.[1][11]
The bridge ends in the community ofGreenwater, named for the river, where the roadway encounters Forest Road 70, which has been proposed to becomeSR 168 overNaches Pass as an alternative to the Chinook Scenic Byway.[18] From Greenwater, the road travels south alongside the White River intoMount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest,[19] passingRanger Creek State Airport, a state-owned airport that is open in the summer and early fall.[20] The byway travels south intoMount Rainier National Park. SR 410 is closed at the gate to Morse Creek, about 5 miles east of the Chinook Pass Summit during the winter and early spring due to high wind, limited cell service and avalanche danger. It intersectsSR 123 atCayuse Pass.[21] SR 410 turns east at the intersection and heads through a series ofhairpin turns, passingTipsoo Lake, toChinook Pass.[11]
Chinook Pass is the border between Pierce andYakima counties and Mount Rainier National Park and theWenatchee National Forest.[21][22] The pass is also where the highway crosses thePacific Crest Trail, aNational Scenic Trail that was completed in 1993.[23][24] East of Chinook Pass, the roadway begins to parallel theAmerican River northeast to follow the Little Naches River, which becomes theNaches River.[22] After a junction with the other end of the proposed SR 168, named Little Naches Road, the highway exits the Wenatchee National Forest and entersNaches. The byway ends atUS 12 in Naches near theNaches Selah Canal.[1][11]
The first portion of SR 410 that was defined under law to be built by thestate of Washington was a state wagon road that extended from a county road inKing County to a county road nearNaches. The road ran up alongside theWhite River until it reached the summit of theCascades and continued traveling down parallel to theAmerican River before ending at the county road connecting to Naches. This road was approved and built in 1897, making it one of the oldest state roads in Washington state.[25] In 1905, the road became known asState Road 1 and was incorporated into the first state highway system.[26] By 1907, the road was named theWhite River – Natches Road and was shortened to end at Cedar Springs. The rest of the road was transferred toState Road 5, called theCowlitz–Natches Road, which ran fromNapavine to Naches.[27]
In 1913, the state highway system was adjusted again, and several new roads were added to the system, including parts of what would becomeUS 410. TheOlympic Highway traveled around theOlympic Peninsula and a section fromAberdeen toOlympia was later used as part of US 410.[28] ThePacific Highway would later have a briefconcurrency with US 410 from Olympia toTacoma, and US 410 would later connect to theNational Park Highway in Tacoma and follow it toBuckley, where State Road 5, now a secondary highway maintained by the counties, began.[28] From the end of State Road 5 in Naches, theInland Empire Highway is concurrent with the future US 410 toDayton, where a branch of the highway travels toClarkston.[28] State Road 5 became theMcClellan Pass Highway in 1919 and was aligned further south toChinook Pass.[29] The McClellan Pass Highway was renamed theNaches Pass Highway in 1921 to reflect the realignment in 1919.[30] Despite the name, the road did not crossNaches Pass, as no highway ever has.
In 1923, the state highway system was restructured completely, incorporating numbers instead of names. The Olympic Highway becameState Road 9, the Pacific Highway becameState Road 1, the National Park Highway absorbed the Naches Pass Highway and remainedState Road 5, and the Inland Empire Highway becameState Road 3, but its branch from Dayton to Clarkston remained a branch of the now non-existent Inland Empire Highway.[31] A system of national highways that improved on the concept ofauto trails was formed in late 1925. The final plan for the system—which became theU.S. routes—was approved on November 11, 1926. One of the routes included in the plan was US 410, which extended fromUS 101 inAberdeen toUS 95 inLewiston, Idaho. Parts of US 410 were concurrent with other new highways, includingUS 99 from Olympia to Tacoma andUS 97 in Yakima.[32]
The highway across Chinook Pass was completed in 1931 and named the Mather Memorial Highway for conservationistStephen Mather during a dedication ceremony on July 2, 1932.[33][34] In 1937, the state highway system changed to aprimary and secondary system. US 410 remained the same, but its concurrent state highways had their designations changed by the state. State Road 9 becamePrimary State Highway 9 (PSH 9), State Road 1 and US 99 becamePSH 1, State Road 5 becamePSH 5, State Road 3 becamePSH 3, and the Inland Empire Highway branch from Dayton to Clarkston became a branch of PSH 3.[35]
In 1964, Washington unveiled anew numbering system for highways. Concurrencies with state primary state highways would be repealed in 1970 and US 410 would be a non-concurrent highway. On June 20, 1967,US 12 was extended west from Lewiston, Idaho, overWhite Pass to Aberdeen, eliminating most of the original route of the highway. The remaining sections were split amongst other routes. The segment fromElma to Olympia becameState Route 8 (SR 8).[36][37]Interstate 5 (I-5) took the Olympia–Tacoma segment, and the Tacoma–Naches segment became SR 410.[2][3] The lastreassurance markers for US 410 were taken down by December 1967.[38][39][40]
Originally, SR 410 passed through downtown Puyallup and Sumner, following several surface streets (including Main Avenue in Puyallup and Thompson Street, Alder Avenue and Main Street in Sumner) across the two cities. In the late 1960s, construction began on a limited-access bypass of the two city centers. SR 410 was moved onto the new freeway by 1972.[41][42] In 1973, SR 410 was shortened to its current length afterSR 167 was extended to Tacoma.[2] The Mather Memorial Parkway was designated as anAll-American Road under theNational Scenic Byways program in 1998.[43]
On October 11, 2009, a massive landslide buried about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of SR 410 west of Naches in the Nile Valley.[44][45] The landslide also redirected a section of theNaches River and caused it to overflow into nearby homes.[46] Adetour was set up on Nile Road and initially limited to use by local residents until opening up to all traffic on October 20.[47] SR 410 was permanently rerouted onto Nile Road sometime afterward,[48] and theWashington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) completed paving on the new segment of SR 410 on November 20.[44][49][50] After three years, SR 410 was re-routed back to the east side of the Naches River along the toe of the landslide with a permanent route that opened in August 2012.[51]
| County | Location | mi[1] | km | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pierce | Sumner | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 167 (Valley Freeway) –Tacoma,Auburn,Renton | |
| 0.48 | 0.77 | Linden Drive (Traffic Avenue) / Thompson Avenue | |||
| 1.56 | 2.51 |   SR 162 east (Valley Avenue) –Orting | Western terminus of SR 162 | ||
| 2.63 | 4.23 | 166th Avenue East / Sumner Tapps Highway East | |||
| East end of freeway | |||||
| Buckley | 11.84 | 19.05 |  SR 165 south –Wilkeson | Northern terminus of SR 165 | |
| White River | Bridge over White River | ||||
| King | Enumclaw | 15.98 | 25.72 |     SR 164 west (Griffin Avenue) toSR 169 north (Porter Street) –Auburn,Renton | Begin Chinook Scenic Byway |
| Greenwater River | 33.87 | 54.51 | Bridge over Greenwater River | ||
| Pierce | Greenwater | 35.96 | 57.87 |   FR 70 east –Naches Pass | ProposedSR 168 east |
| | 48.70 | 78.38 | Mount Rainier National Park gate (entrance) | ||
| Cayuse Pass | 56.86 | 91.51 | SR 123 south toUS 12 –Packwood | Northern terminus of SR 123 | |
| Chinook Pass | 60.32 | 97.08 | Chinook Pass | ||
| Yakima | Wenatchee National Forest | 65.64 | 105.64 | Mount Rainier National Park gate (entrance) | |
| 83.20 | 133.90 | Little Naches Road –Naches Pass | ProposedSR 168 west | ||
| Naches | 107.44 | 172.91 | US 12 –Yakima,White Pass | ||
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi | |||||
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Former or proposed:SR 168 | |||
