 Population distribution of Vietnamese Canadians by census division, 2021 census | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 275,530 (2021)[1] 0.76% of the Canadian population (2021) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Toronto,Hamilton,Waterloo Region,London,Windsor,Ottawa,Montreal,Calgary,Edmonton,Metro Vancouver | |
| Languages | |
| Vietnamese,Canadian English,Canadian French,Vietnamese French | |
| Religion | |
| Buddhism (48%) • Irreligion (24%) Catholic (22%) • Protestant (5%) • Other (1%)[2] Vietnamese folk religion • Caodaism • Hòa Hảo | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Vietnamese,Vietnamese Americans,Vietnamese people in France |
Vietnamese Canadians (Vietnamese:Người Canada gốc Việt;French:Canadiens vietnamiens) areCanadian citizens ofVietnamese ancestry. As of 2021, there are 275,530 Vietnamese Canadians, most of whom reside in the provinces ofOntario,British Columbia,Alberta, andQuebec.
Mainstream Vietnamese communities began arriving inCanada in the mid-1970s and early 1980s as refugees orboat people following the end of theVietnam War in 1975, though a couple thousand were already living inQuebec before then, most of whom were students. After theFall of Saigon, there were two waves of Vietnamese immigrants to Canada. The first wave consisted mostly of middle-class immigrants. Many of these immigrants were able to speak French and or English and were welcomed into Canada for their professional skills. The second wave consisted of Southern Vietnamese refugees who were escaping the harsh regime that had taken over the former South Vietnam. Many of them were ofChinese descent and were escaping ethnic persecution resulting from theSino-Vietnamese War. These south Vietnamese refugees were known globally as the "boat people".[3]
In the years 1979–80, Canada accepted 60,000 Vietnamese refugees.[4] Most new arrivees were sponsored by groups of individuals, temples, and churches and settled in areas aroundToronto, Ontario,Vancouver, British Columbia,Winnipeg, Manitoba and Montreal, Quebec. Between 1975 and 1985, 110,000 resettled in Canada (23,000 in Ontario; 13,000 in Quebec; 8,000 in Alberta; 7,000 British Columbia; 5,000 in Manitoba; 3,000 in Saskatchewan; and 2,000 in the Maritime provinces). As time passed, most eventually settled in urban centres likeVancouver (2.2% Vietnamese),Calgary (1.6% Vietnamese),Montreal (1.6% Vietnamese),Edmonton (1.6% Vietnamese),Toronto (1.4% Vietnamese),Ottawa (1.0% Vietnamese), andHamilton (0.8% Vietnamese).[5]
The next wave of Vietnamese migration came in the late 1980s and 1990s as both refugees and immigrant classes of post-warVietnam entered Canada. These groups settled in urban areas, in particular Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary. In Metro Vancouver, they have settled mainly in EastVancouver,Richmond, andSurrey. In the Montreal area, they settled in Montreal's downtown,South Shore, and the suburb ofLaval. InToronto, they have settled in the city'sChinatown area nearSpadina Avenue andDundas Street West and in the inner suburbs ofNorth York,York,Scarborough, andEtobicoke. Other municipalities in the Toronto area with large Vietnamese Canadian populations includeMississauga,Brampton,Vaughan, andMarkham.
According to the2011 National Household Survey, approximately 50% of Vietnamese Canadians identify asBuddhist, 25% identify asChristian, and the rest reported having no religious affiliation.[4][6]
| Province | Vietnamese population |
|---|---|
 Ontario | 122,735 |
 British Columbia | 51,890 |
 Quebec | 45,570 |
 Alberta | 39,395 |
 Manitoba | 7,290 |
 Saskatchewan | 4,730 |
 Nova Scotia | 1,374 |
 New Brunswick | 1,295 |
 Prince Edward Island | 730 |
 Northwest Territories | 225 |
 Newfoundland and Labrador | 175 |
 Yukon | 90 |
 Nunavut | 0 |
 Canada (2021) | 275,530 |
| City | Province | 2021 Vietnamese population[citation needed] |
|---|---|---|
| Greater Toronto Area | Ontario | 82,225 |
| Greater Montreal | Quebec | 38,660 |
| Greater Vancouver | British Columbia | 34,915 |
| Calgary Region | Alberta | 21,010 |
| Edmonton Capital Region | Alberta | 14,180 |
| Ottawa-Gatineau | Ontario, Quebec | 9,650 |
| Winnipeg Capital Region | Manitoba | 5,580 |
| Waterloo Region | Ontario | 5,555 |
| Hamilton | Ontario | 4,855 |
| London | Ontario | 3,110 |
| Windsor | Ontario | 2,555 |
| Guelph | Ontario | 2,425 |
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In Canada, local Vietnamese media includes:
InVancouver, a large population of Vietnamese Canadians are self-employed as owners of a variety of businesses, stores and restaurants throughout the city. Vietnamese Canadians also brought their cuisine andphở has become a popular food throughout the city. Vietnamese Canadians also reside inCentral City, Surrey, which is a rapidly growing suburb of Metro Vancouver.[citation needed]
In the Toronto area, there are 19 Vietnamese owned supermarkets.[citation needed]
In Montreal there are about 40,000 Vietnamese Canadian population among highest median income and education of Vietnamese Canadians in major cities. There are more than 100 Vietnamese restaurants, hundreds of small size manufacturers of different products from clothing to technology, about 80 pharmacies and hundreds of doctors, dentists, over a thousand scientists, engineers and technicians, about sixty convenient stores and groceries. Since November 2006, Ngo Van Tan has started a project to promote and build the first 'Vietnam Town' in Canada called 'Vietnamville' near metroJean Talon includingSt-Denis,Jean Talon,St-Hubert, and Belanger streets with over 130 businesses already opened in the area. Investment opportunities in Vietnam Town are open to Vietnamese worldwide.[citation needed]
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