Vero cells are a lineage ofcells used incell cultures.[1] The 'Vero' lineage was isolated fromkidneyepithelial cells extracted from anAfrican green monkey (Chlorocebus sp.; formerly calledCercopithecus aethiops, this group of monkeys has been split into several different species). The lineage was developed on 27 March 1962 by Yasumura and Kawakita at theChiba University inChiba, Japan.[2] The original cell line was namedVero after anabbreviation ofverdareno, which means 'green kidney' inEsperanto, whilevero itself means 'truth' in Esperanto.[3]
The Vero cell lineage is continuous andaneuploid, meaning that it has an abnormal number ofchromosomes. Acontinuous cell lineage can be replicated through many cycles of division and not becomesenescent.[4]Vero cells areinterferon-deficient; unlike normal mammalian cells, they do not secreteinterferon alpha or beta when infected by viruses.[5] However, they still have theInterferon-alpha/beta receptor, so they respond normally when recombinant interferon is added to their culture media.
The whole genome sequence of a Vero cell line was determined by Japanese investigators in 2014.[6] Chromosome 12 of Vero cells has a homozygous ~9-Mb deletion, causing the loss of thetype I interferon gene cluster and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsCDKN2A andCDKN2B in the genome.[6] Although African green monkeys were previously classified asCercopithecus aethiops, they have been placed within the genusChlorocebus, which includes several species.[7] The genome analysis indicated that the Vero cell lineage is derived from a femaleChlorocebus sabaeus.[6]
as host cells for growing viruses; for example, to measure replication in the presence or absence of a research pharmaceutical, the testing for the presence ofrabies virus, or the growth of viral stocks for research purposes. As a recent example,CoronaVac, COVID-19 vaccine developed by Sinovac Biotech uses vero cells in production and "Vero" term can be seen on the vaccine container.
Isolated from Vero in 1968, it grows to a lower saturation density (cells per unit area) than the original Vero. It is useful for detecting and countinghemorrhagic fever viruses byplaque assays.
This line is aclone from Vero 76. Vero E6 cells show somecontact inhibition, so are suitable for propagating viruses that replicate slowly.
Research strains transfected with viral genes:
Vero F6 is a cell transfected with the gene encodingHHV-1entryproteinglycoprotein-H (gH).[8] Vero F6 was transfected via a concatenated plasmid with thegH gene after a copy of the HHV-1 glycoprotein-D (gD)promoter region. In Vero lineage F6, expression ofgH is under the control of the promoter region of gD. (Also F6B2; obs. F6B1.1)
^History and Characterization of the Vero Cell Line -- A Report prepared by CDR Rebecca Sheets, Ph.D., USPHS CBER/OVRR/DVRPA/VVB for the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting to be held on May 12, 2000 OPEN SESSIONwww.fda.gov pdf
