 Distribution of Ukrainians in Romania (2021 census) | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 45,835 (2021 census),[1] 51,703 (2011 census)[2] to 200,000 (unofficial estimate)[3] 197,699 Ukrainian refugees who had obtained temporary protection and refugee status in Romania as of the end of October 2025.[4] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border | |
| Languages | |
| mainlyUkrainian andRomanian | |
| Religion | |
| Ukrainian Orthodox, Pentecostal,Greek-Catholic and very small numbers ofJews[5][6] andMuslims (mostly Tatars)[7] |
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TheUkrainians of Romania (Ukrainian:Українці Румунії,romanized: Ukrayintsi Rumuniyi,Romanian:Ucrainenii din România) are the third-largestethnic minority inRomania. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population.[2] According to the 2021 Romanian census, there were 45,835 people who identified themselves officially as Ukrainians (0.24%), and 40,861 who declared that their language was Ukrainian.[1] Ukrainians claim that the number is actually 250,000–300,000.[8] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live inMaramureș County (31,234), where they make up 6.77% of the population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2015, there were 345 ethnic Ukrainians born in Romania who lived in the United States of America at that time.[9]
Sizable populations of Ukrainians are also found inSuceava County (5,698 people),Timiș County (5,953),Caraș-Severin County (2,600),Satu Mare County (1,397),Tulcea County (1,317), andArad County (1,295). Ukrainians make up a majority in sevencommunes of Maramureș County (Bistra,Bocicoiu Mare,Poienile de sub Munte,Remeți,Repedea,Rona de Sus, andRuscova) and three in Suceava County (Bălcăuți,Izvoarele Sucevei, andUlma), as well as inȘtiuca, Timiș andCopăcele, Caraș-Severin. According to the 2002 census, 79% of Ukrainians wereEastern Orthodox, organized into theUkrainian Orthodox Vicariate Sighetu Marmației; 10%Pentecostal; 2.8%Greek-Catholic, organized into theUkrainian Greek-Catholic Vicariate Rădăuți; 2.1%Seventh-day Adventist; 1.2%Lipovan Orthodox and 2.9% stated they belonged to "another religion".[10]
A second group of Ukrainians in Romania live in theDobruja region of theDanube Delta. These are descendants ofZaporozhian Cossacks who fled Russian rule in the 18th century. In 1830, they numbered 1,095 families.[11] Over the years they were joined by other peasants fleeing serfdom in the Russian Empire. In 1992, their descendants numbered four thousand people according to official Romanian statistics,[12] while the local community claims to number 20,000.[11] Known as Rusnaks,[13] they continue to pursue the traditionalCossack lifestyle of hunting and fishing.
During the interwar period, tens thousands of refugees from theUSSR, mostly ethnic Romanians, Ukrainians, Russians, Jews, Tatars and others (many of them coming fromSoviet Ukraine) migrated to Romania.[14][15][16]
As an officially recognised ethnic minority, Ukrainians haveone seat reserved in the RomanianChamber of Deputies.Ștefan Tcaciuc held the seat from 1990 until his 2005 death, when he was replaced byȘtefan Buciuta.[citation needed] The Union of Ukrainians of Romania obtained 5,457 votes (0.09%) in the Chamber of Deputies election of 2020.[17]
After 1989, a significant number of Ukrainian citizens (includingethnic Romanians/Moldovans from Ukraine) started immigrating to Romania (students, migrant workers, businesspeople, refugees). As of 2019, there are at least 18,000 Ukrainian-born people living in Romania, most of them living in large cities, such asBucharest,Cluj-Napoca, orTimișoara.[18]
Around 600,000 Ukrainians have fled to Romania since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[19]
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