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Tokyo subway

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of the rapid transit system in Greater Tokyo, Japan

Tokyo subway

Logos of theTokyo Metro (left) andToei Subway (right)

Toei 6300 series (left) andTokyo Metro 9000 series (right) trains atTamagawa Station

Overview

Locale

Tokyo, Japan

Transit type

Rapid transit

Number of lines

Number of stations

285

Daily ridership

Tokyo Metro: 5.95 million (2022)^[1]
Toei Subway: 2.00 million (2022)^[2]

Annual ridership

3.921 billion (2019)^[3]

Operation

Began operation

30 December 1927; 98 years ago (30 December 1927)

Operator(s)

Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation

Technical

System length

304.1 km (189.0 mi)

Track gauge

1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in),1,435 mm forGinza,Marunouchi,Toei Asakusa &Toei Ōedo Lines, 1,372 mm forToei Shinjuku Line

System map

Two majorsubway systems (Japanese:地下鉄,Hepburn:chikatetsu) operate inTokyo: theTokyo Metro and theToei Subway. Most of the network is located in the23 special wards, with portions extending intoChiba andSaitama Prefectures. The subways are one part ofGreater Tokyo's passenger rail network, withthrough service further connecting the subway tosuburban railways inWestern Tokyo andKanagawa Prefecture.

Networks

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There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo:

Tokyo Metro – run by theTokyo Metro Co., Ltd., formerly astatutory corporation called the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), it was converted into akabushiki gaisha (joint-stock company) in 2004. It currently operates 180 stations on nine lines and 195.0 kilometers (121.2 mi) of route.^[1]
Toei Subway – run by theTokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, an agency of theTokyo Metropolitan Government. It operates 106 stations on four lines and 109.0 kilometers (67.7 mi) of route.^[4]

As of 2023^[update], the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 286 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of 304.0 kilometers (188.9 mi). The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.^[5] Despite being ranked second overall inworldwide subway usage (after theShanghai Metro) as of 2019, subways make up a relatively small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 286 out of 938 railway stations, as of 2020.^[6] The Tokyo subway at 8.7 million daily passengers only represents 22% of Tokyo's 40 million daily rail passengers (seeTransport in Greater Tokyo).^[7] Other urban commuter rail systems includeKeikyu Corporation (formerly the Keihin Electric Express Railway),Keio Corporation,Keisei Electric Railway,Odakyu Electric Railway,Seibu Railway,Tobu Railway andTokyu Corporation.

Line	Japanese	Length	Daily ridership (FY2024)^[8]	Opened
Tokyo Metro
Chiyoda Line	千代田線	24.0 km	2,351,802	1969
Chiyoda Line Branch Line	千代田線分岐線	2.6 km	2,351,802	1979
Fukutoshin Line	副都心線	20.2 km	1,111,014	1994
Ginza Line	銀座線	14.3 km	1,974,806	1927
Hanzomon Line	半蔵門線	16.8 km	1,945,116	1978
Hibiya Line	日比谷線	20.3 km	2,268,322	1961
Marunouchi Line	丸ノ内線	27.4 km	2,520,940	1954
Marunouchi Line Branch Line	丸ノ内線分岐線	3.2 km	2,520,940	1962
Namboku Line	南北線	21.3 km	1,036,470	1991
Tōzai Line	東西線	30.8 km	2,609,114	1964
Yūrakuchō Line	有楽町線	28.3 km	2,092,194	1974
Toei Subway
Asakusa Line	浅草線	18.3 km	1,457,778	1960
Mita Line	三田線	26.5 km	1,292,710	1968
Shinjuku Line	新宿線	23.5 km	1,480,760	1978
Ōedo Line	大江戸線	40.7 km	1,777,914	1991

In addition, but not formally designated as subways:

TheTokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR) operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations, and 200,200 daily passengers in 2010.^[9]
TheSaitama Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of theTokyo Metro Namboku Line, operates a single mostly-underground line with eight stations.
TheTōyō Rapid Railway Line, which is essentially an extension of theTokyo Metro Tōzai Line, operates a single underground/elevated line with nine stations.
TheYamanote Line andChūō Line (Rapid) are not subway lines, but a surface commuter loop line (Yamanote Line) and a cross-city line that operate with metro-like frequencies. They are owned byJR East, act as key transportation arteries in central Tokyo, and are often marked on Tokyo subway maps.

TheYokohama Subway and theMinatomirai Line also operate in the Greater Tokyo Area, but they are not directly connected to the Tokyo subway network. However, direct through services from theTokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line regularly run into Yokohama'sMinatomirai Line via theTōkyū Tōyoko Line.

History

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1915: TheMinistry of Communications opened an underground tunnel exclusively formail transport betweenTokyo Station and theTokyo Central Post Office. The tunnel originally contained rail tracks, which were abandoned and removed in 1941. The passage was subsequently repaved and converted for use by electric traction vehicles. The tunnel continued to be used for mail transport until 1978, when operations ceased.^[10]^[11]

1927:Tokyo Underground Railway Co., Ltd. (東京地下鉄道株式会社) opens Japan's first underground line of the subwayGinza Line on 30 December 1927, publicizing it as "the first underground railway in the Orient." The distance of the line is only 2.2 km betweenUeno andAsakusa.
1938:Tokyo Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. (東京高速鉄道株式会社) opens its subway system between Aoyama 6-chome (present-dayOmotesando) andToranomon.
1939: Tokyo Rapid Transit Railway extends its line from Toranomon toShimbashi, and starts an reciprocal operation with Tokyo Underground Railway.
1941: During World War II, the two subway companies merge under the name Teito Rapid Transit Authority (帝都高速度交通営団,Teito Kōsokudo Kōtsu Eidan) by the local government.
1954: TheMarunouchi Line, the first subway line after World War II, opens betweenIkebukuro andOchanomizu.
1960: Toei Subway Line 1, present-dayToei Asakusa Line, opens betweenOshiage and Asakusa.
1968: Toei Subway Line 6 (currently theToei Mita Line) opens between Shimura Station (renamedTakashimadaira Station in 1969) andSugamo Station.
1991: TheTokyo Metro Namboku Line opens.
1995: On 20 March, theTokyo subway sarin attack occurs on the Marunouchi, Hibiya, and Chiyoda Lines during the morning rush hour. Over 5,000 people are injured and 13 people are killed. All three lines cease operation for the whole day.
2000: TheNamboku Line opens betweenTameike-sanno Station andMeguro Station and theToei Mita Line opens betweenMita Station and Meguro Station, with both lines sharing infrastructure between Meguro Station andShirokane-takanawa Station. Additionally, both lines start through service with theTokyu Meguro Line.
2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority is privatized and renamed Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
2008: TheFukutoshin Line opens.
2013: The Fukutoshin Line starts through service with theTokyu Toyoko Line.
2023: The Toei Mita Line, the Namboku Line, and the Fukutoshin Line start through service with theTōkyū Shin-Yokohama Line, theSōtetsu Shin-Yokohama Line, theSōtetsu Main Line and theIzumino Line via the Tokyu Meguro Line (Toei Mita Line and Namboku Line) and the Tokyu Toyoko Line (Fukutoshin Line).

System administration

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Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway systems are closely integrated with a unified system of line colors, line codes, and station numbers. However, the separate administration of metro systems has some ramifications:

For single rides across Metro and Toei systems, a special transfer ticket is required. It costs 70 yen less than the sum of the Metro fare and the Toei fare, calculated based on the shortest possible route between the origin and destination stations.^[12] ThePassnet magnetic card system simplified such ticketing problems, by allowing one stored-fare card to be used on most of the rail operators in theGreater Tokyo Area (with the noticeable exception of JR East which continued to use its ownSuica system). The newPasmo system was introduced in 2007 and completely replaced the Passnet in 2008, finally allowing for one unified stored fare system for most of the Tokyo transit system, including JR East. The fare charged by the stored fare system may be slightly less than for users of paper tickets, as fares are calculated in ¥1 increments on stored fare cards whereas paper tickets are calculated at ¥10 increments.
The systems represent the metro network differently in station, train, and customer information diagrams. For example, theToei map represents theToei Ōedo Line as a circle in the centre, whereas theTokyo Metro's map saves the central ring line for the Marunouchi Line and the JRYamanote Line. As well, each system's lines are generally rendered with thicker lines on their respective system maps.

Reciprocal operation

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As is common with Japanese subway systems, many above-ground and underground lines in theGreater Tokyo Area operatethrough services with the Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. Through services operate on all lines except Tokyo MetroGinza andMarunouchi Lines andToei Ōedo Line. In a broader sense they are considered a part of the Tokyo subway network, allowing it to reach farther out into the suburbs.

Tokyo Metro

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	Line	Through lines
H	Hibiya Line	Tobu Skytree Line andTōbu Nikkō Line (Kita-Senju toTōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen andMinami-Kurihashi)
T	Tōzai Line	JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Chūō Main Line) (Nakano toMitaka)
		JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line (Sōbu Main Line) (Nishi-Funabashi toTsudanuma)
		Toyo Rapid Line (Nishi-Funabashi toTōyō-Katsutadai)
C	Chiyoda Line	Odakyu Odawara Line andOdakyu Tama Line (Yoyogi-Uehara toKarakida andHon-Atsugi)
C	Chiyoda Line	JR East Jōban Line (Ayase toToride)
Y	Yūrakuchō Line	Tōbu Tōjō Line (Wakōshi toShinrinkōen)
Y	Yūrakuchō Line	Seibu Ikebukuro Line via theSeibu Yūrakuchō Line (Kotake-Mukaihara Station toHannō)
Z	Hanzōmon Line	Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line (Shibuya toChūō-Rinkan)
Z	Hanzōmon Line	Tobu Skytree Line,Tōbu Nikkō Line andTobu Isesaki Line (Oshiage toTōbu-Dōbutsu-Kōen,Minami-Kurihashi andKuki)
N	Namboku Line	Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro toHiyoshi)
N	Namboku Line	Saitama Rapid Railway Line (Akabane-Iwabuchi toUrawa-Misono)
F	Fukutoshin Line	Tobu and Seibu line (same stations served as the Yūrakuchō Line)
F	Fukutoshin Line	Minatomirai Line viaTōkyū Tōyoko Line (Shibuya toMotomachi-Chūkagai)

Toei Subway

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	Line	Through lines
A	Asakusa Line	Keikyu Kurihama Line andKeikyu Airport Line both via theKeikyu Main Line (Sengakuji toHaneda Airport (Tokyo International Airport) orMisakiguchi)
A	Asakusa Line	Keisei Oshiage Line,Keisei Main Line,Hokuso Railway Line,Keisei Higashi-Narita Line andShibayama Railway Line (Oshiage toNarita Airport,Inba-Nihon-Idai orShibayama-Chiyoda)
I	Mita Line	Tokyu Meguro Line (Meguro toHiyoshi)
S	Shinjuku Line	Keio New Line andKeio Sagamihara Line both via theKeiō Line (Shinjuku toHashimoto orTakaosanguchi)

Rolling stock

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Main articles:Toei Subway rolling stock andTokyo Metro rolling stock

References

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^^a ^b"Business Situation". Tokyo Metro. 27 June 2023. Retrieved25 August 2023.
^各駅乗降人員一覧 (in Japanese). Toei Transportation. March 2022. Retrieved25 August 2023.
^"Metro networks worldwide - leading cities by ridership 2019-2020". September 2022.
^"TOP>Service>What is Toei Subway?". Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. Retrieved24 February 2021.
^"Subways keep Tokyo on the move".Japan Today. Archived fromthe original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved24 January 2007.
^【2020年版】緯度経度付き全国沿線別駅データ (in Japanese). Retrieved24 February 2021.
^平成17年大都市交通センサス第10回 [2005 Metropolitan transportation census (10th)](PDF) (in Japanese).国土交通省総合政策局交通計画課 [Land, Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry, Transport Policy Bureau]. 30 March 2007. Retrieved17 January 2016.
^レポート｜関東交通広告協議会トレインメディア.www.train-media.net. Retrieved30 December 2025.
^企業・採用｜お台場電車りんかい線(PDF).
^"郵便物運搬用電車(東京鉄道郵便局) 文化遺産オンライン".bunka.nii.ac.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved30 December 2025.
^"逓信総合博物館研究紀要第4号｜郵政博物館 Postal Museum Japan".郵政博物館 Postal Museum Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved30 December 2025.
^Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation."Toei Subway Information - How to Ride the Subway". Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved25 June 2008.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toTokyo Subway.

Combined Metro and Toei map (PDF) (March 2023 version)

v t e Transit in Greater Tokyo
Shinkansen	Tōhoku Yamagata Akita Jōetsu Hokuriku Tōkaidō Chūō (planned)
JR East lines passing through Central Tokyo	JYYamanote JKKeihin–Tōhoku -Negishi JBChūō-Sōbu Local JCChūō Rapid JOYokosuka -Sōbu Rapid JUUtsunomiya &Takasaki -JTTōkaidō Ueno–Tokyo JASaikyo JSShonan–Shinjuku JJJōban Rapid JLJōban Local JEKeiyō
JR East lines in satellite cities or suburbs	JMMusashino JHYokohama JNNambu JITsurumi Sagami Hachikō/Kawagoe Ryōmō Jōetsu Agatsuma Shin'etsu Tohoku Direction Karasuyama Nikkō Chuo Direction COChūō JCItsukaichi JCŌme Koumi Shinonoi Ōito Sobu Direction JOSōbu Sotobō Uchibō Kururi Tōgane Joban Direction Mito Narita Suigun Kashima Tokaido Direction JTItō
Tokyo Metro	CChiyoda FFukutoshin GGinza HHibiya MMarunouchi NNamboku TTōzai YYūrakuchō ZHanzōmon
Toei Subway	AAsakusa EŌedo IMita SShinjuku
Yokohama Municipal Subway	Blue Green
Keikyu	Keikyū Main Airport Daishi Kurihama Zushi
Keio	Keio Keiō New Dōbutsuen Keibajō Sagamihara Takao Inokashira
Keisei	Keisei Main Chiba Chihara Higashi-Narita Kanamachi Matsudo Oshiage Narita Sky Access
Odakyu	Odawara Enoshima Tama
Seibu	Ikebukuro Sayama Seibu Chichibu Seibu Yūrakuchō Toshima Seibu Shinjuku Haijima Kokubunji Seibuen Tamagawa Tamako
Sotetsu	Sotetsu Main Izumino JR Link Shin-Yokohama
Tobu	Skytree Kameido Daishi Isesaki Sano Koizumi Kiryū Nikkō Kinugawa Utsunomiya Urban Park Tōjō Ogose
Tokyu	DTDen-en-toshi IKIkegami MGMeguro OMŌimachi TMTamagawa TYTōyoko KDKodomonokuni SHShin-Yokohama
Other heavy rail lines	Hokusō Kantō Jōsō Ryūgasaki Nagareyama Rinkai Saitama Rapid Shibayama Tōyō Rapid Tsukuba Express Minatomirai 21
Medium-capacity rails	Kanazawa Seaside New Shuttle NTNippori-Toneri Yurikamome
Monorails	Chiba Monorail Disney Resort Shōnan Monorail Tama Monorail Tokyo Monorail
Trams and light rails	Enoden SGSetagaya Arakawa Utsunomiya Light Rail
People movers	Seibu Yamaguchi Yūkarigaoka
Hinterland	Chichibu Jōmō Jōshin Watarase Keikoku Yagan Mooka Minato Ōarai Kashima Chōshi Isumi Kominato
Funiculars and aerial lifts	Ōyama Cable Car Hodosan Ropeway (Takao Tozan Railway Mitake Tozan Cable Car ) (Nokogiriyama Ropeway Mount Tsukuba Cable Car Mount Tsukuba Ropeway) Akechidaira Ropeway Ikaho Ropeway Yokohama Air Cabin
Bus	Willer Express List of bus operating companies in Japan
Public ferries	Tokyo-Wan Ferry Tokyo Cruise Ship Tokyo Mizube Line Keihin Ferry Boat The Port Service (Yokohama)
Major terminals	Rail Akihabara Chiba Hachiōji Ikebukuro Kita-Senju Mito Odawara Ōmiya Ōtemachi Shibuya Shinagawa Shinjuku Tachikawa Tokyo Ueno Yokohama Shin-Yokohama Bus Busta Shinjuku T-CAT Airports Haneda Narita Chōfu Ibaraki Ports Yokohama Tokyo Heliports Tokyo Heliport Camp Zama
Miscellaneous	Transit cards Pasmo Suica ~~Passnet~~ Transport in Greater Tokyo Rail transport in Japan List of named passenger trains of Japan List of through trains in Japan Toei Subway rolling stock Tokyo Metro rolling stock List of East Japan Railway Company stations List of Tokyo Metro stations List of Toei Subway stations Station numbering
Japan transit:Tokyo Keihanshin Chūkyō Fukuoka–Kitakyushu Hokkaido Aomori Sendai Akita Niigata Toyama Nagano Hakone–Fuji–Izu Okayama Hiroshima Shikoku Metro systems Shinkansen monorails (list) trams (list) aerial lifts (list)

v t e Rapid transit and underground railway lines in Japan
Public	Sapporo Sendai Toei (Tokyo) Yokohama Nagoya Kyoto Kobe Fukuoka
Semi-public	Tokyo Osaka
Public-private	Rinkai (Tokyo) Minatomirai 21 (Yokohama) Saitama Rapid Tōyō Rapid (Chiba) Hokusō (Tokyo/Chiba) Astram (Hiroshima)
Suspended	Kawasaki
Japan transit:Tokyo Keihanshin Chūkyō Fukuoka–Kitakyushu Hokkaido Aomori Sendai Akita Niigata Toyama Nagano Hakone–Fuji–Izu Okayama Hiroshima Shikoku Metro systems Shinkansen monorails (list) trams (list) aerial lifts (list) Source: Japan Subway Association