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Atholobate (from Ancient Greek θολοβάτης (tholobátēs) 'dome pedestal'), also called adrum ortambour, is the upright part of a building on which adome is raised.[1] It is generally in the shape of acylinder or apolygonalprism. The name derives from thetholos, the Greek term for a round building with a roof and a circular wall. Another architectural meaning ofdrum is a circular section of acolumn shaft.
In the earlierByzantinechurcharchitecture the dome rested directly on thependentives and the windows were pierced in the dome itself; in later examples, between the pendentive and the dome an intervening circular wall was built in which the windows were pierced. This is the type which was universally employed by the architects of theRenaissance, of whose works the best-known example isSt. Peter's Basilica atRome. Other examples of churches of this type areSt Paul's Cathedral inLondon and the churches of theLes Invalides, theVal-de-Grâce, and theSorbonne inParis.[1]
There are also secular buildings with tholobates: theUnited States Capitol dome in Washington, D.C. is set on a drum, a feature imitated in numerous Americanstate capitols. ThePanthéon in Paris is another secular building featuring a dome on a drum. St Paul's Cathedral and the Panthéon were the two inspirations for the U.S. Capitol.[citation needed] In contrast, the dome of theReichstag building in Berlin before its post-war restoration was aquadrilateral, so its tholobate was square and not round.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tholobate".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 862.