| Texas grey wolf | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Texas gray wolf inGoodnight Ranch | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Canidae |
| Genus: | Canis |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | |
| Trinomial name | |
| †Canis lupus monstrabilis Goldman, 1937[1] | |
_%2526_MSW3_(2005).png) | |
| Historical and present range ofgray wolf subspecies in North America | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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TheTexas gray wolf (Canis lupus monstrabilis) is an extinctsubspecies of gray wolf, distinct from theTexas red wolf (Canis rufus rufus), whose range once included southern and westernTexas and northeasternMexico.
It is recognized as a subspecies ofCanis lupus in the taxonomic authorityMammal Species of the World (2005).[2]
The Texas gray wolf and theMogollon mountain wolf were proposed bybiologists Bogan and Mehlhop to be intergrading populations between theMexican wolf andSouthern Rocky Mountains and were placed under the synonymy of the Mexican wolf.[3] Ronald M. Nowak considered Texas gray wolves and Mogollon mountain wolves as ecotypes ofGreat Plains wolves rather than Mexican wolf populations or distinct subspecies when introducing a 5-subspecies North American taxonomy in 1995.[4]
The subspecies' namemonstrābilis means "remarkable, noteworthy" in Latin, and derives from the verbmōnstrāre (to show) and the suffix-ābilis (worthy of).[5][6] In Texas, gray wolves called "timber wolves" or "lobo wolves" to distinguish them fromred wolves. The words "lobo" and "loafer" come from the Spanishlobo and were used in theSouthwestern United States.[7]
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) migrated from Eurasia into North America 70,000–23,000 years ago and gave rise to at least two morphologically and genetically distinct groups.[8] One group is represented by the extinctBeringian wolf and the other by the modern populations.[9] One author proposes that the Mexican wolf's ancestors were likely the first gray wolves to cross theBering Land Bridge into North America during theLate Pleistocene after the extinction of the Beringian wolf, colonizing most of the continent until pushed southwards by the newly arrived ancestors of theGreat Plains wolf (C. l. nubilus).[10][11]
Ahaplotype is a group ofgenes found in an organism that are inherited together from one of their parents.Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) passes along the maternal line and can date back thousands of years. A 2005 study compared the mitochondrialDNA sequences of modern wolves with those from thirty-four specimens dated between 1856 and 1915. The historic population was found to possess twice thegenetic diversity of modern wolves, which suggests that the mDNA diversity of the wolves eradicated from the western US was more than twice that of the modern population. Some haplotypes possessed by the Mexican wolf, the Great Plains wolf, and the extinctSouthern Rocky Mountain wolf were found to form a unique "southernclade". All North American wolves group together with those from Eurasia, except for the southern clade which form a group exclusive to North America.[12]
It was darker than its more northern cousins, and has a highly archedfrontal bone.[13] The Texas grey wolf's weight ranged from 34 to 45 kg (75 to 100 lb).[14]
This wolf's prey were driven to extirpation in its habitat, leading it to hunt farmer's livestock. The last known Texas gray wolf was killed April 12, 1942, by Nelson Elliot on the Cleavland Ranch. This led theMexican wolf to become the last gray wolf subspecies in Texas, though they were extirpated in 1970.[15]
Remarquable par sa probité et ses manière. =Homo morum probitate et ingenii elegantia monstrabilis.
Monstrābilis, e. (adj.)Worthy to be shown, ortaken notice of.
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