| Territorial Army of Malaysia | |
|---|---|
| Askar Wataniah Malaysia عسكر وطنيه مليسيا | |
 Crest of the Territorial Army of Malaysia | |
| Founded | 1 June 1958; 67 years ago (1958-06-01) |
| Country |  Malaysia |
| Branch |  Malaysian Army |
| Type | Military reserve force |
| Size | 50,000[1] total personnel |
| Part of |  Malaysian Armed Forces Reserve |
| Headquarters | Wisma Kementah,Camp Mindef,Kuala Lumpur |
| Nicknames | Rejimen Askar Wataniah (Territorial Army Regiment), AW,Angkatan Simpanan Tentera Darat Malaysia (Malaysian Army Reserve) |
| Mottos | Berkhidmat Untuk Negara (Serve for the Country) |
| Anniversaries | 1 June |
| Deployments |
|
| Website | https://aw.army.mil.my/imwatan/ |
| Commanders | |
| Assistant Commander of the Reserve Force | Major GeneralDato' Mohammad Razeif Che Ahmad |
| Notable commanders | Dato'Yeop Mahidin |
| Insignia | |
| Flag |  |
TheTerritorial Army of Malaysia (Malay:Askar Wataniah Malaysia,Jawi:عسكر وطنيه مليسيا) serves as thereserve component of theMalaysian Army. Commonly referred to as theTerritorial Army Regiment (Rejimen Askar Wataniah), it is the largest military reserve force in Malaysia. The formation comprises a variety of units, includinginfantry regiments,armoured squadrons,engineering squadrons, and other support elements.[2][3]
The Territorial Army forms one of the three principal components of theMalaysian Armed Forces Reserve, alongside theRoyal Malaysian Naval Volunteer Reserve and theRoyal Malaysian Air Force Volunteer Reserve.[4]
As of the current command structure, the Territorial Army is led byMajor GeneralDato' Mohammad Razeif Che Ahmad, who holds the appointment ofAssistant Commander of the Reserve Force (Malay:Asisten Panglima Pasukan Simpanan), reporting directly to theChief of Defence Forces, who concurrently serves as the Commander of the Reserve Force (Panglima Pasukan Simpanan).[5]
The official Malay name of the formation isAskar Wataniah Malaysia, while its official English designation is theTerritorial Army of Malaysia. The lineage of this name dates back to 1958, following the enactment of theTerritorial Army Ordinance 1958, under which the force was formally established as theAskar Wataniah Malaya (Territorial Army of Malaya). The name was inspired by resistance groups that had operated during theSecond World War, notably theAskar Melayu Setia and theWataniah Pahang.[2]
According toDewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, both "askar" and "wataniah" areloanwords ofArabic origin. The word "Askar" (عسكر) translates to "military" or "soldier", while "Watan" (وطن) means "homeland". The suffix-iah is an Arabic-derived noun-forming element used in Malay to indicate abstract concepts or affiliations. Thus,Wataniah can be interpreted as "related to the homeland". In modern Arabic usage, as cited inA Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (1976) byHans Wehr, "Wataniah" denotes "patriotism" or "love for the homeland".[6]
In colloquial Malaysian usage, the formation is often referred to as theTerritorial Army Regiment (Rejimen Askar Wataniah), although this is somewhat misleading. The term is more appropriately applied to the 500-series Reserve Regiments, which form the core infantry component of the Territorial Army. In reality, the Territorial Army consists of a broad array of units, including infantry regiments, armoured squadrons, engineer squadrons, and other combat and support elements.[2][7]
The modern history of military reserve forces inMalaya began in 1854 with the establishment of theSingapore Volunteer Rifle Corps in theStraits Settlements territory ofSingapore. The outbreak of theCrimean War in 1853 stirredpatriotic sentiment among theEuropean expatriate community in Malaya, prompting the formation of localmilitia units. This sentiment soon spread to other territories within the Straits Settlements, leading to the creation of similar units inPenang,Province Wellesley,Malacca, andLabuan. Among these were thePenang and Province Wellesley Volunteer Corps, established on 1 March 1861, and theMalacca Volunteer Corps, formed in 1922. Similar movements later took root in theFederated Malay States and theUnfederated Malay States, where militia units began to be formed from 1902 onwards.[8]
By 1924, the militia units of the Straits Settlements were brought under centralised control as part of theStraits Settlements Volunteer Force (SSVF). The SSVF was incorporated into the British military structure and placed under the command of theMalayan Command. Similarly, the militia units in the Federated and Unfederated Malay States were organised under theFederated Malay States Volunteer Force (FMSVF) and theUnfederated Malay States Volunteer Force (UMSVF), respectively. These formations fought alongside regularCommonwealth forces against theImperial Japanese Army during theSecond World War but were subsequently disbanded following theJapanese occupation of Malaya.[9]
During the Japanese occupation of Malaya, anti-Japaneseresistance began to take shape. Motivated in part by thenationalist sentiment that had grown since theSecond Sino-Japanese War, members of theMalayan Communist Party (MCP), largely comprisingChinese immigrants, formed theMalayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). Operating as aguerrilla force, the MPAJA conductedsabotage operations and harassed Japanese forces across the country.[10]
This resistance movement opened the door for theSpecial Operations Executive (SOE) to insert operatives into Malaya to provide training and logistical support. The SOE'sFar East branch, known asForce 136, deployed its agents covertly viasubmarine andparachute. Among these agents were ethnicMalays who had been recruited while studying or working abroad before the war. Notable figures includedIbrahim Ismail andTunku Osman, both of whom were instrumental in organising Malay resistance groups.[10]
Several Malay guerrilla formations were established under Force 136, including theUlu Perak Branch (also known asAskar Melayu Setia), theKedah Branch, and thePahang Branch (also known asWataniah Pahang). Prominent resistance fighters included Dato'Yeop Mahidin Mohamed Shariff,Tunku Abdul Rahman, TunAbdul Razak Hussein, and Tan SriGhazali Shafie. These formations, together with Force 136, undertook sabotage missions against Japanese military assets. All of these guerrilla forces were disbanded following theJapanese surrender in 1945.[10]
After the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945, members of the MCP sought to transform Malaya into acommunist state. Taking advantage of the power vacuum that existed prior to the re-establishment ofBritish military administration on 12 September 1945, the MCP's paramilitary wing, the MPAJA, seized control of various areas, conducting reprisals against alleged collaborators. This campaign of violence continued even after the British returned.[11]
The MPAJA was reorganised as the Malayan People's Anti-British Army and later rebranded as theMalayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA). The security situation deteriorated significantly by 1948. In response to theassassination of three European plantation managers inSungai Siput,Perak, theMalayan Emergency was formally declared.[12]
With MRLA insurgents acquiring supplies from both Thailand and communist sympathisers, they also resorted to raiding rural settlements. This situation necessitated the formation of theHome Guard, a locally recruited force composed of civilian volunteers. Trained by theFederation of Malaya Police Force (FMPF) and Commonwealth military personnel, these villagers were tasked with protecting their communities against insurgent attacks.[11]
As the Malayan Emergency entered its final phase, the Home Guard was deemed surplus to requirements in its original form. However, many volunteers wished to continue serving the nation. In response, theTerritorial Army Ordinance 1958 was passed and came into effect on 1 June 1958, officially establishing theTerritorial Army of Malaya, known in Malay asAskar Wataniah Malaya and later Askar Wataniah Malaysia when Malaysia was formed in 1963, when it merged with corresponding organizations in Sarawak and British North Borneo. The name was chosen as a tribute to the wartimeAskar Melayu Setia andWataniah Pahang guerrilla groups of the Second World War.[2][11] In honour of this, 1 June is marked as Territorial Army Day to mark the anniversary of this service.
Initial recruitment was drawn primarily from former Home Guard personnel. Because of its limited resources and infrastructure, the Territorial Army could not yet cover the entire country, and as a result, the Home Guard continued to function in certain regions, albeit in a support capacity tocivil police. Eventually, this evolved into theMalaysia Volunteers Corps Department (RELA), which now operates under theMinistry of Home Affairs and supports both theRoyal Malaysia Police and theMalaysian Armed Forces.[11]
At its inception, the Territorial Army consisted of only two components: theTechnical Reserve Force and theInfantry Reserve Force. TheSpecialist Reserve Force was later added to the TA in 1977. By 1965, the Territorial Army included four infantry battalions, four technical support squadrons, onemateriel squadron, and onemilitary police unit. Between the 1960s and 1970s, an additional twelve militia units were raised, named according to their regions, and were incorporated under the Territorial Army's administration.[2]
From 1963 to 1965, the TA of Malaysia included in its ranks elements of theSingapore Volunteer Corps, which would later form part of the basis of the futureSingapore Armed Forces and theSAF Volunteer Corps.
Following the13 May 1969 racial riots, the Territorial Army was temporarily placed under a unifiedMalaysian Army command and tasked with providing a defence buffer against similar incidents in the future. In 1974, theDirectorate General of the Territorial Army (Malay:Jabatanarah Askar Wataniah) underwent restructuring, initiating a major transformation of the force.[7]
A new initiative, known as theFull-Time Mobilisation System (Malay:Sistem Kerahan Sepenuh Masa), was introduced for the Infantry Reserve Force. Under this scheme, selected reservists were employed on fixed-term contracts and assigned to national development projects, such as the construction of the East–West Highway. These units became known as theAskar Kerahan Jalan Raya Timur–Barat (East–West Highway Mobilised Forces) and were organised into four infantry battalions.[7]
On 1 March 1979, all battalions under this mobilisation force were absorbed into the regular Malaysian Army as follows:[7]
On 7 February 1980, the twelve local militia defence units were formally integrated into the Territorial Army as infantry battalions, replacing the original Territorial Army formations. These newly reorganised units were upgraded into battalion-level combat formations under the Territorial Army structure. At the same time, the Territorial Army was officially renamed as thePasukan Simpanan Tentera Darat (Malaysian Army Reserve).[7]
To centralise command, the Malaysian Army established the 51st Army Reserve Brigade on 1 January 1981, the first dedicated brigade-level formation for the reserve force. Subsequently, on 19 February 1981, the11th Infantry Division was converted into the 11th Army Reserves Division (Malay:Divisyen ke-11 Pasukan Simpanan Tentera Darat), which assumed command over all reserve units, including infantry, technical, and specialist formations.[7]
However, by 1 October 1982, the 51st Brigade was dissolved, deemed redundant due to the formation of the 11th Division. In 1984, the division's role was revised to focus on strategic defence functions, resulting in the decentralisation of reservist command once more.[7]
In 1988, the Malaysian Army implemented a major reorganisation of the reserve force structure. As part of this initiative, the Army Reserve reverted to its former name, the Territorial Army of Malaysia. During the same period, the Territorial Army was reorganised into four distinct categories. On 15 November 1988, all twelve Army Reserve infantry battalions were upgraded to regimental level and re-designated as the 500-series Reserve Regiments. Additionally, theReserve Officers Training Unit (ROTU) was formally incorporated into the Territorial Army structure. At this stage, the Territorial Army comprised the following components:[7]
In 1989, thenMinister of Defence Tan SriMusa Hitam introduced theTotal Defence strategy ('Pertahanan Menyeluruh, orHANRUH), which recognised reservists as integral to national defence and not merely as supplementary forces. The policy led to the expansion of combat and service support roles within the Territorial Army and increased the standard of training to align more closely with that of regular units.[13]
In 1998, theFull-Time Mobilisation System was reintroduced, leading to the establishment of the 300-series Infantry Battalions. These units are composed of reservists employed on fixed-term contracts. A total of five battalions were raised, and unlike the earlier version of the Full-Time Mobilisation System, their primary role is border security. They were stationed along theMalaysia–Thailand andIndonesia–Malaysia land borders.[2]
On 2 July 2000, an outpost manned by the 304th Infantry Battalion, Territorial Army, was targeted in an arms heist by theAl-Mau'nah, the militant and anti-Mahathir group.[note 1] Posing as senior military officers conducting a surprise inspection, the intruders disarmed the personnel and seized a large quantity of weapons, including 97M16 rifles, fourGPMGs, fivegrenade launchers, and thousands of rounds of ammunition. The group retreated to Bukit Jenalik, Sauk, taking hostages and engaging in a four-day standoff with security forces. Two hostages were tortured and killed. The group surrendered, and its leaders were charged with waging war against theYang Di-Pertuan Agong. Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali, along with his lieutenants Zahit Muslim and Jamaluddin Darus, was sentenced to death, while sixteen others received life sentences.[14]
In 2008, the five 300-series Infantry Battalions of the Territorial Army were absorbed into the newly establishedBorder Regiment (Malay:Rejimen Sempadan). They continued their original border security roles, thereby streamlining the structure of the Territorial Army and shaping its present-day form.[15]
The 2010 revision of theNational Defence Policy adopted the HANRUH concept formally and established theMalaysian Armed Forces Reserve (Malay:Pasukan Simpanan Angkatan Tentera). Reservists were declared equal to regular forces in defending the nation. Reserve units from all branches were unified under a single command and began receiving standardised training, equipment, anduniforms. Prior to this, reservists often wore outdated combat dress from thecommunist insurgency era.[16]
The 500-series Reserve Regiments were integrated into the Malaysian Army's order of battle and placed under the operational command of regular army brigades based on regional alignment.[16]
The 2020Defence White Paper, a continuation of the National Defence Policy, outlined plans to further enhance the Malaysian Armed Forces Reserve. The government committed to employing reservists in broader roles beyond emergency deployment. Key initiatives include the following:[4]
These measures reflect a national shift towards the HANRUH posture, in which all military components, including reservists, are expected to play an active and equal role in safeguarding Malaysia's sovereignty.[4]
Like all components of the Malaysian Armed Forces Reserve, the Territorial Army is divided into two primary categories: theRegular Force Reserve (Pasukan Simpanan Angkatan Tetap) and the Volunteer Force Reserve (Pasukan Simpanan Angkatan Sukarela). The Regular Force Reserve comprises former regular service personnel who have either retired or resigned after completing their mandatory service. These individuals typically retain the rank and specialisation they held during their time in the regular forces. Conversely, the Volunteer Force Reserve represents the standard reservist pathway, consisting of individuals who join through recruitment schemes such as officer commissioning programmes, specialist intake, or general enlistment. These reservists usually begin at entry-level ranks according to their entry route.[2][3]
Since its establishment in June 1958, the Territorial Army has evolved to include a variety of operational roles. Currently, it is structured into four primary elements:[2][3]
Within the Malaysian Army, combat elements comprise units assigned with direct fighting responsibilities, such as infantry and armoured formations. These units serve as the primary offensive and defensive force in conventional and unconventional military operations.[17]
The Territorial Army's combat component is made up predominantly of infantry regiments and a single armoured squadron. Units under this element are trained to the same standards as regular army counterparts and can be integrated into brigade-level operational formations.[17]
The infantry element constitutes the largest component of the Territorial Army. It is made up of the 500-series Reserve Regiments, each trained as standard line infantry following the organisational structure of theRoyal Malay Regiment, theRoyal Ranger Regiment and theBorder Regiment. Additionally, the Critical Target Force, originally known as the Critical Target Unit, performs infantry roles with a specific focus on security force tasks. Both formations operate as deployable infantry and may be embedded into the Malaysian Army's broader operational structure.[17] All are modeled on their counterparts in the British Army Reserve, which the TA upon its formation was patterned after.
There are currently sixteen active 500-series reserve infantry regiments within the Territorial Army. Each regiment comprises multiple battalions and subordinate companies and is regionally distributed across Malaysia. The regiments are assigned to the command structure of relevant divisions or brigades based on geographical location.[18]
The security force element within the Territorial Army originates from the formerAskar Kerahan Jalan Raya Timur–Barat, which was later designated as the 300-series infantry battalions. These battalions were subsequently absorbed into the Border Regiment following its establishment in 2008.[2]
In 2009, the Malaysian government sought to reinstate the security force function within the Territorial Army. This function was previously represented by the Critical Target Unit (Malay:Unit Sasaran Penting), which has since been upgraded and reorganised into the Critical Target Force, Territorial Army (Malay:Pasukan Sasaran Penting, Askar Wataniah). The primary role of this infantry unit is to safeguard vital national infrastructure and key installations. These include telecommunications towers, water treatment and pumping stations, and military training areas.[19]
The Critical Target Force operates under the command of infantry brigade-level headquarters. Its personnel are primarily recruited on a contractual basis under theFull-Time Mobilised Force (Malay:Pasukan Kerahan Sepenuh Masa) scheme.[19]
Current units under this element include the following:[19]
The Territorial Army maintains one dedicated reserve armoured unit. Designated as the Armoured Squadron (Territorial Army), Royal Armoured Corps (Malay:Skuadron Armor Askar Wataniah), the unit is aligned with theRoyal Armoured Corps and structured in ayeomanry-style model, similar to British Army Reservist and ex-Territorial formations.[19][20]
The squadron consists of four troops, each based in a different region to support national defence requirements. These troops receive training consistent with that of regular armoured units and may be mobilised in support of mechanised operations.[19]
The unit and its current deployment locations are:[19][20]
Within the Malaysian Army, units responsible for specialised operational roles such asartillery,communications,intelligence,field engineering, andprovost duties are classified under the combat support element. These formations play a vital role in supporting frontline combat units by providing essential capabilities that enhance operational efficiency and coordination across the battlefield.[17]
Some reservists serving within this element are recruited through theSpecialist and Specialised Reserve Force (Pasukan Simpanan Pakar dan Khusus) scheme. This programme allows civilians with relevant professional backgrounds to serve in military roles that match their civilian expertise. Examples include engineers and communications specialist. The recruitment and employment of such personnel are in line with strategic requirements outlined in the National Defence Policy and reinforced in the 2020 Defence White Paper.[17]
The following Territorial Army units are designated as part of the combat support element:[17]
The Territorial Army includes several artillery units. Although relatively modest in size, sixartillery batteries have been established and integrated into the divisional-level order of battle alongside regular artillery units from theRoyal Artillery Regiment. Four of these are field batteries trained to operate105mm howitzers andmortars. One is amedium artillery battery equipped with155mm howitzers, and the final battery provides low-levelair defence capability.[19]
The Territorial Army Signal Squadrons are specialist communications units within the Malaysian Army reserve structure. They are primarily staffed by personnel fromTelekom Malaysia (TM) and are tasked with supporting theRoyal Signal Regiment (Malay:Rejimen Semboyan Diraja) in establishing, maintaining, and restoring communication lines, particularly in times of operational disruption or wartime contingencies.[21][22]
Due to their specialist nature, these squadrons are not placed under any specific divisional-level order of battle and are instead deployable across the country based on operational requirements.[21]
In 2024, the Telecommunications Specialist Signal Regiment Headquarters (Markas Rejimen Semboyan Diraja Pakar Telekom) underwent an organisational upgrade and was redesignated as the56th Telecommunications Specialist Signal Regiment (Territorial Army), Royal Signals. Following this change, all subordinate units, previously known as Specialist Signal Squadrons, were also elevated in status to become regimentally affiliated squadrons under the new formation.[21]
The Territorial Army Engineer Squadrons fall under theRoyal Army Engineers Regiment and consist of both field and specialist squadrons. Field engineering squadrons providecombat engineering services and are assigned under divisional-level command. Specialist squadrons are deployable nationwide based on operational requirements.[23]
The 40th Squadron is responsible for defending and maintainingport operations in cooperation with portauxiliary police. The 50th Squadron consists ofrailway personnel primarily fromMalaya Railways (KTM) and Trans Borneo Railways and focuses on railway maintenance and rapid repair. The 60th Squadron ensureswater supply continuity during disruptions or sabotage. The 70th Squadron, composed ofTenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) staff, focuses on ensuring uninterruptedpower supply to critical military infrastructure.[23]
Reservists may also be assigned to provost duties. Four Territorial Army Military Police Companies are currently operational and function under theRoyal Military Police Corps (Malay:Kor Polis Tentera Diraja). These units are responsible for enforcing military discipline and regulations within Malaysian Army installations.[24]
In addition, certain public and government institutions contribute personnel to the Territorial Army Military Police. For example, the security personnel ofUniversity of Technology Malaysia (UTM) have served as part of the Territorial Army component of the 7th Military Police Company, Royal Military Police.[25]
The four Territorial Army Military Police Companies are as follows:[24]
Reservists are also eligible to serve within intelligence roles, primarily in support andcounterintelligence capacities. One Territorial Army Intelligence Company has been established as part of theRoyal Intelligence Corps.[3][26]
In the Malaysian Army, units that do not fall under the combat or combat support categories are classified as part of the service support element. The Territorial Army maintains several units within this category to provide essential logistical and technical services to support operational readiness.[17]
The Territorial Army maintains two Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Field Workshops, located in Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur. These units are composed of reservists attached to theCorps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineer and are trained in vehicle maintenance, mechanical and electrical repairs, and the upkeep of equipment and other technical assets within the Territorial Army.[27]
Historically, four additional division-level workshops were based in Taiping, Melaka, Kuantan, and Kuching. However, these have since been decommissioned, leaving only two operational field workshops.[27]
The Territorial Army logistic element comprises five transport companies, one supply company, and one air despatch platoon. These units are attached to theRoyal Logistic Corps and responsible for the transportation of personnel and materiel, supply chain operations, and aerial delivery of logistical support.[19]
The Territorial Army maintains a single unit dedicated to ordnance duties, responsible for the provision and management of military stores, ammunition, and other materiel. This unit attached to theRoyal Ordnance Corps and supports operations within the Kuala Lumpur Garrison.[3]
Previously, additional brigade-level ordnance teams were maintained by the Territorial Army, but these have since been disbanded.
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The Territorial Army maintains four reserve medical companies based in Peninsular and East Malaysia. These units consist of reservists with medical backgrounds who are attached to theRoyal Medical Corps. They are integrated into the army medical battalion structure and are responsible for providing medical services during peacetime and military operations.[3]
The Reserve Officers Training Unit (ROTU,Malay:Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan – PALAPES) is a military training programme established forundergraduate students at Malaysian universities, with the objective of commissioning them as reserve officers in the Malaysian Armed Forces. As of 2020, a total of 21universities and higher education institutions in Malaysia host ROTU programmes affiliated with the Malaysian Army.[28]
Officer cadets enrolled in the ROTU programme are regarded as members of the Territorial Army throughout their training. They wear the Territorial Army beret and, upon successful completion of the training programme, are commissioned as officers within the Territorial Army.[28]
In institutions hosting ROTU units, thevice-chancellor or chief executive officer is formally appointed as thecommandant of the unit and is granted an honorary rank within one of the branches of theMalaysian Armed Forces Reserve, including the Territorial Army.[28]
The Reservist Training Unit (RTU,Malay:Pasukan Latihan Anggota Simpanan) functions similarly to ROTU but is tailored for students enrolled indiploma orcertificate-level programmes at public universities andTechnical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. Like ROTU cadets, RTU trainees are considered members of the Territorial Army during the training period.[29][30]
However, unlike ROTU officer cadets, graduates of the RTU programme are enlisted into the Malaysian Armed Forces Reserve as enlisted personnel orother ranks rather than being commissioned as officers.[29]
According to the 2020Defence White Paper, which builds upon the framework established by theNational Defence Policy, the Malaysian government has outlined strategic initiatives to enhance the role and operational readiness of theMalaysian Armed Forces Reserve. As a major component of this reserve structure, the Territorial Army is expected to play an expanded and more integrated role in national defence.[4]
These initiatives reflect a shift in the perception of reservists, who are no longer regarded solely as a strategic force to be mobilised during emergencies or external conflicts. Instead, reservists are being positioned as an operationally ready and flexible component of the armed forces, capable of deployment alongside regular units during both peacetime and wartime missions.[4]
To support this strategic transformation, several key proposals have been introduced:[4]
These proposals form part of a broader strategy aimed at achieving a total defence concept, in which all elements of the military, including the Territorial Army and other reserve components, are integrated into the national security architecture and prepared for a range of contemporary and future threats.[4]
Although the Territorial Army functions as a reserve force, its members have demonstrated courage and dedication equal to that of regular army personnel. Over the years, several reservists have been recognised with significantmilitary honours for their bravery in the line of duty.[31]
One notable example is then-PrivateIelias Ibrahim, who was awarded thePingat Gagah Berani (Star of the Commander of Valour), Malaysia's second-highest gallantry award. On 15 August 1977, during a routine patrol near the construction site of theEast–West Highway inGerik,Perak, his five-man team was ambushed by approximately 30 communist insurgents. All of his comrades were shot, including one who was critically wounded, leaving Ielias as the only uninjured soldier. He held his position and defended his team for three hours until reinforcements arrived.[31]
The following individuals are among the notable figures who have served or are currently serving in the Malaysian Territorial Army as reservists:
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| Territorial Army of Malaya (Askar Wataniah Malaya) | Territorial Army of Malaysia (Askar Wataniah Malaysia) | Army Reserve Force (Pasukan Simpanan Tentera Darat) | Territorial Army of Malaysia (Askar Wataniah Malaysia) |
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