Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3, also known asTRPV3, is a humangene encoding theprotein of the same name.
The TRPV3 protein belongs to a family of nonselective cationchannels that function in a variety of processes, including temperature sensation andvasoregulation. The thermosensitive members of this family are expressed in subsets of humansensory neurons that terminate in the skin, and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. This channel is activated at temperatures between 22 and 40 degrees C. The gene lies in close proximity to another family member (TRPV1) gene on chromosome 17, and the two encoded proteins are thought to associate with each other to form heteromeric channels.[5]
The TRPV3 channel has wide tissue expression that is especially high in theskin (keratinocytes) but also in thebrain. It functions as a molecular sensor for innocuous warm temperatures.[6] Mice lacking these protein are unable to sense elevated temperatures (>33 °C) but are able to sense cold and noxious heat.[7] In addition to thermosensation TRPV3 channels seem to play a role in hair growth because mutations in the TRPV3 gene cause hair loss in mice.[8] The role of TRPV3 channels in the brain is unclear, but appears to play a role in mood regulation.[9] The protective effects of the natural product,incensole acetate were partially mediated by TRPV3 channels.[10]
The TRPV3 channel is directly activated by various natural compounds likecarvacrol,thymol andeugenol.[11] Several othermonoterpenoids which cause either feeling of warmth or areskin sensitizers can also open the channel.[12] Monoterpenoids also induce agonist-specific desensitization of TRPV3 channels in a calcium-independent manner.[13]
Resolvin E1 (RvE1), RvD2, and 17R-RvD1 (seeresolvins) are metabolites of theomega 3 fatty acids,eicosapentaenoic acid (for RvE1) ordocosahexaenoic acid (for RvD2 and 17R-RvD1). These metabolites are members of thespecialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) class of metabolites that function to resolve diverse inflammatory reactions and diseases in animal models and, it is proposed, humans. These SPMs also dampen pain perception arising from various inflammation-based causes in animal models. The mechanism behind their pain-dampening effects involves the inhibition of TRPV3, probably (in at least certain cases) by an indirect effect wherein they activate other receptors located on neurons or nearbymicroglia orastrocytes.CMKLR1,GPR32,FPR2, andNMDA receptors have been proposed to be the receptors through which these SPMs operate todown-regulate TRPV3 and thereby pain perception.[14][15][16][17][18]
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a mixed agonist-antagonist of the TRPV3 receptor, acting as an antagonist at low concentrations but showing agonist activity when used in larger amounts.[19]Drofenine also acts as a TRPV3 agonist in addition to its other actions.[20] Conversely,icilin has been shown to act as a TRPV3 antagonist, as well as aTRPM8 agonist.[21]Forsythoside B acts as a TRPV3 inhibitor among other actions.[22]Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an endogenous agonist of TRPV3,[23] whileincensole acetate fromfrankincense also acts as an agonist at TRPV3.[24]TRPV3-74a is a selective TRPV3 antagonist.[25]
^Imura K, Yoshioka T, Hikita I, Tsukahara K, Hirasawa T, Higashino K, et al. (November 2007). "Influence of TRPV3 mutation on hair growth cycle in mice".Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.363 (3):479–83.doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.170.PMID17888882.
^Xu H, Delling M, Jun JC, Clapham DE (2006). "Oregano, thyme and clove-derived flavors and skin sensitizers activate specific TRP channels".Nat. Neurosci.9 (5):628–35.doi:10.1038/nn1692.PMID16617338.S2CID13088422.
Islam MS (January 2011).Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 704. Berlin: Springer. p. 700.ISBN978-94-007-0264-6.
Clapham DE, Julius D, Montell C, Schultz G (2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLIX. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of transient receptor potential channels".Pharmacol. Rev.57 (4):427–50.doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.6.PMID16382100.S2CID17936350.
