TheSynod of Hippo refers to thesynod of 393 which was hosted inHippo Regius innorthern Africa during theearly Christian Church. Additional synods were held in 394, 397, 401 and 426. Some were attended byAugustine of Hippo.
The synod of 393 is best known for two distinct acts. First, for the first time a council of bishops listed and approved aChristian Biblical canon that corresponds to the modernCatholic canon while falling short of theEastern Orthodoxcanon. The canon list approved at Hippo included books later classed by Catholics asdeuterocanonical books and by Protestants asApocrypha. The canon list was later approved at theCouncil of Carthage (397) pending ratification by the "Church across the sea", that is, theSee of Rome.[1] Previous councils had approved similar, but slightly different, canons.
The council also reaffirmed the apostolic origin of the requirement ofclerical continence and reasserted it as a requirement for all the ordained, in addition requiring that all members of a person's household must be Christian before that person can be ordained.[2][3] Rules regarding clerical succession were also clarified at the synod,[4] as well as certain liturgical considerations.[5]
The canonical scriptures are listed in the Canon XXIV as follows:
Genesis,Exodus,Leviticus,Numbers,Deuteronomy,Joshua the son of Nun,The Judges,Ruth,Kings iv books [1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings],The Chronicles ii books,Job, thePsalter, five books ofSolomon [Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom of Solomon, and Ecclesiasticus], theTwelve Books of the Prophets [Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi],Isaiah,Jeremiah,Ezechiel,Daniel,Tobit,Judith,Esther,Ezra ii books,Maccabees ii books.
Of the New Testament:
The Gospels iv books,Acts of the Apostles i book,Epistles of Paul xiv,Epistles of Peter, the Apostle ii,Epistles of John the Apostle iii,Epistles of James the Apostle i, one ofEpistle of Jude the Apostle,Revelation of John, i.[6]
The "five books of Solomon", according to Augustine, wereProverbs,Ecclesiastes,Song of Songs,Wisdom, andSirach (or Ecclesiasticus).[7]
In theDe doctrina christiana, Augustine explains the relation between the two books of Ezra/Esdras and its separation with the Chronicles (partly included in theSeptuagint's1 Esdras): "... and the two ofEzra, which last look more like a sequel to the continuous regular history which terminates with the books ofKings andChronicles."[8]
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