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TheSwedish Dialect Alphabet (Swedish:Landsmålsalfabetet) is aphoneticalphabet created in 1878 byJohan August Lundell and used for thenarrow transcription ofSwedish dialects. The initial version of the alphabet consisted of 89 letters, 42 of which came from the phonetic alphabet proposed byCarl Jakob Sundevall.[1] It has since grown to over 200 letters.[2] The alphabet supplemented Latin letters with symbols adapted from a range of alphabets, including modified forms ofþ andð from Germanic alphabets,γ andφ from theGreek alphabet andы from theCyrillic alphabet, and extended with systematic decorations.[1] There are also a number ofdiacritics representingprosodic features.[2]
The alphabet has been used extensively for the description of Swedish dialects in bothSweden andFinland.[2] It was also the source of many of the symbols used by the Swedish sinologistBernhard Karlgren inhis reconstruction of Middle Chinese.[3]
Three of the additional letters—ⱸ,ⱹ andⱺ—were included in version 5.1.0 ofUnicode (U+2C78 to U+2C7A) for use in a dictionary ofSwedish dialects spoken in Finland.[2] A proposal to encode a further 106 characters was made in 2008.[4] As of 2019[update], this proposal is partially implemented, with some proposed allocations already in use by other characters.[5][6][7]
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