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Sushma Swaraj as Minister of External Affairs

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(Redirected fromSushma Swaraj as External Affairs Minister)
Part of the career of the Indian politician

Indian External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj talks with U.S. Secretary of StateJohn Kerry during the US-India Joint Strategic and Commercial Dialogue Opening Plenary, at the US Department of State in Washington DC, on 22 September 2015.

Sushma Swaraj was the IndianMinister of External Affairs under Prime MinisterNarendra Modi from May 2014 till May 2019, responsible for implementing theforeign policy of Narendra Modi. She is only the second women to hold this position afterIndira Gandhi.

Background

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Swaraj was a lawyer by profession and a seasoned parliamentarian with many 'first-timer' records in her name, often considered to be among the best spoken Indian politician and also known for her diplomatic skills. She served as theLeader of the Opposition in the15thLok Sabha from 2009 to 2014 and by virtue of her designation she had the opportunity to meet a galaxy of world leaders visiting India apart from her official foreign trips. This has significantly improved her understanding in world affairs and also helped her to develop a personal rapport with many important dignitaries.[1]

Policy initiatives

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Fast-track Diplomacy

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On completion of the first 100 days of Modi Government the External Affairs Ministry published a booklet called"Fast Track Diplomacy"[2] show-casing the achievement made in the foreign policy arena. In her first media interaction, the ministerSushma Swaraj said the catchphrase for her tenure was "fast-track diplomacy" and said it had three faces – proactive, strong and sensitive.[3] Since taking office, the External Affairs Minister held round-table meeting with all Indian heads of missions to the SAARC region, ASEAN region and Middle East separately as a follow up measure to carry forward the leads gained by high-profile visits and exchanges.

Act East Policy

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From the very beginning, theNDA Government made it amply clear that India would focus more and more on improving relation withASEAN and other East Asian countries as per India'sLook East policy which was formulated duringNarasimha Rao's Government in 1992 for better economic engagement with its eastern neighbours but successive Governments later successfully turned it into a tool for forging strategic partnership and security cooperation with countries in that region in general and Vietnam and Japan in particular.[4] In her recent visit toHanoi, Vietnam, Sushma Swaraj has stressed on the need for anAct East Policy[5] that she said should replace India's over two decade-oldLook East Policy emphasizing a more proactive role for India in this region.[6]

Multilateral engagements

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ASEAN Regional Forum

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Swaraj attended the2014 ASEAN Regional Forum followed by the relatedEAS Foreign Ministers meeting, held from 8–11 August inNaypidaw, Myanmar, which was her first ever appearance in multilateral forums after becoming India's foreign affairs head. She had held bilateral meetings with her counterparts from seven countries including China, Australia, Canada, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia.[7][8]

Foreign trips made as External Affairs Minister

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The following is a list of international visits made by Swaraj after taking office as External Affairs Minister on 26 May 2014.

2014

[edit]
CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Purpose(s)Notes
BangladeshDhaka26–27 JuneOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj visited Bangladesh on 26–27 June 2014, where she met her counterpart Abul Hassan Mahmood following a conversation with her counterpart's fellow Bengali andChief Minister of West Bengal,Mamata Banerjee.[9] Discussions were held regarding theLand Boundary Agreement, the proposedTeesta river pact and illegal immigration.[10]
BhutanThimphu16–17 JuneOfficial visit
Details
She accompanied the Prime Minister in his maiden foreign tour to the Himalayan Kingdom ofBhutan with which India shares a special relation from decades.
  NepalKathmandu27–29 JulyOfficial visit
Details
Prior to Modi's visit, Swaraj made a three-day visit to Nepal from 27 July 2014 and co-chaired the Indo-Nepal Joint Commission meeting and also prepared the ground for Modi's scheduled visit. The last visit by a foreign minister of India to Nepal was made 23 years before.[11]
MyanmarNaypidaw8–11 AugustASEAN Regional Forum
Details
She visitedNaypidaw for four days from 8 August for the2014 ASEAN Regional Forum andEAS Foreign Ministers meeting.[7] She had bilateral meetings with her counterparts from seven countries including China, Australia, Canada, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia. External Affairs Ministry SpokesmanSyed Akbaruddin said that they were working with Vietnam on a "high-level VVIP visit" from India later in the year, while Swaraj would travel there later in the month to pave the way for the visit. In regards to controversy of territorial ownership in theSouth China Sea, whereONGC Videsh has oil blocks, he said: "India is not a party to the dispute in the South China Sea. We feel that the dispute should be resolved between those who are party to it in a peaceful manner and it should be in accordance with international law."

With Australia, discussion took place to expedite a civil nuclear deal. Swaraj invited Canadian Foreign MinisterJohn Baird to India, which he "gladly accepted," in October.[12][13]

SingaporeSingapore16–18 AugustOfficial visit
Details
External Affairs Minister Swaraj also visited Singapore on 16 August where she held talks with her counterpart,Shanmugam, and Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong regarding Singapore's investment in India and their potential role in Modi's pet "smart city" project.[14]
VietnamHanoi24–25 AugustOfficial visit
Details
Swaraj also made an official trip to Hanoi, Vietnam, where she called on Vietnamese PresidentTruong Tan Sang and Vice-President Nguyan Tha Doan and held bilateral talk with her counterpartPham Binh Minh. Her visit was also to lay the groundwork for the state visit byPresidentPranab Mukherjee from 14 to 17 September, days before the India visit of Chinese PresidentXi Jinping in India. Big ticket announcements are expected during President’s visit in defence and strategic cooperation including US$100 m line of credit for purchase ofFast attack craft for Vietnamese navy from India and enhancing oil exploration cooperation in offshore rigs onSouth China Sea provided by Vietnamese authority toONGC Videsh.[15][16]
BahrainManama7–8 SeptemberOfficial visit
Details
AfghanistanKabul10 SeptemberOfficial visit
Details
Swaraj arrived in Kabul on 10 September to hold discussion with outgoing PresidentHamid Karzai amid hopes of final election results might be out in next couple of days and for the first time Afghanistan would experience a civilian transition of power since the fall of Taliban in 2001. Although the main agenda of her visit was to strengthen the Indo-Afghan strategic security cooperation followingNATO withdrawal from the country by end of 2014 and re-emergence of theTaliban and otheral-Qaeda in thesubcontinent, the US-Afghan "bilateral security agreement" (BSA) was also expected to be featured in her discussion with Karzai. She also inaugurated a new Chancery complex in Kabul.[17][18]
TajikistanDushanbe11–12 SeptemberSCO
Details
On 11–12 SeptemberEAM Sushma Swaraj visitedDushanbe, Tajikistan to attend the 13th Annual summit of theShanghai Cooperation Organisation, which is often regarded by the West as a counter organization ofNATO, where India so far held an observer status but fromDushanbe summit, India was formerly granted a full membership so from next year on India will be represented by the President at theheads of state summit and if everything goes well, PM Modi could participate at theheads of government summit inAstana, Kazakhstan in December.[18][19]
United StatesNew York City,Washington24 September – 1 OctoberUnited Nations
Details
She is expected to hold meetings with her counterparts from around 100 countries and attend foreign ministers level meet of several special grouping such as IBSA, G4,BRICS,SAARC among others. She will then accompany Modi in his trip toWashington, D.C.[20]
United KingdomLondon17 OctoberOfficial visit
Details
She inaugurated theRegional Pravasi Bharatiya Divas in London.
MauritiusPort Louis1–3 NovemberOfficial visit
Details
She was on a three-day visit to the Indian Ocean nation, to celebrateApravasi Divas, marking 180 years since the first Indian indentured labourers arrived in Mauritius. There she had called on PresidentRajkeswur Purryag and Prime MinisterNavinchandra Ramgoolam to discuss bilateral and regional issues of common interest, her agenda also includes talk on cooperation betweenIndian Navy and Mauritian Coast Guard to ensure the safety and security of the strategically vital Indian Ocean region. In support to her stress on the importance of maritime cooperation three majorIndian war ships were docked in Mauritian waters including a destroyerINS Mumbai, a frigateINS Talwar and the fleet tankerINS Deepak.[21]
MaldivesMalé3 NovemberOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Swaraj during her maiden trip toMalé on 3 November 2014 held discussion with her counterpartDunya Maumoon on bilateral and regional issues of mutual interests and also reiterated India's strong commitment towards prosperity, stability and security of Maldives. The two sides also plans to celebrate 50 years of establishment of bilateral relation.[22]
United Arab EmiratesAbu Dhabi10–12 NovemberOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Swaraj during her maiden trip toAbu Dhabi tried to win the confidence of potential UAE investors and welcomed them to join the new Indian Government efforts to build world class infrastructure in India which is expected to require foreign investments up to US$1 trillion in next five years. She had also held discussion with her counterpartSheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan. During the meeting, both sides reviewed the existing bilateral relations and took stock of progress and development in joint cooperation in many areas and looked into the ways of enhancing them for common interests.[23]
  NepalKathmandu24–27 NovemberSAARC summit
Details
It was her second Nepal visit in little over four months. She participated in theSAARCForeign Minister's meeting in Kathmandu on 25 November, a day before the summit begins. She also metSartaj Aziz, foreign affairs adviser to Pakistan Prime Minister, on the margins which she later referred a "courtesy call".[24]
South KoreaSeoul28–30 DecemberOfficial visit
Details
Swaraj visited Republic to Korea to attend the 7th Joint-Commission meeting in Seoul. Trade and investments to top the agenda including joint shipbuilding ventures will be endorsed heavily underMake in India programme.[25][citation needed]

2015

[edit]
CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Purpose(s)Notes
ChinaBeijing31 January – 3 FebruaryRIC summit andOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj made her maiden visit to the People's Republic of China from 31 January to 3 February where she met her counterpartWang Yi and called on Chinese PresidentXi Jinping apart from participating in Russia–India–China (RIC) trilateral foreign ministers meeting in Beijing. She also met Russian foreign ministerSergei Lavrov separately on the sidelines. She inaugurated "visit India" campaign to promote more Chinese tourists in India.[26]
OmanMuscat17–18 FebruaryOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj made her maiden visit to the Sultanate of Oman, the country with which India shares warm bilateral relations in the Gulf.[27][28]
Sri LankaColombo6–7 MarchOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Swaraj arrived in Colombo, on her maiden visit to the island country, on 6 March 2015 to make the preparation for Prime Minister Modi's upcoming visit on 13 March. She called on Sri Lankan PresidentMaithripala Sirisena and also call on Sri Lankan Prime MinisterRanil Wickremesinghe and held discussion on bilateral issues with her counterpartMangala Samaraweera.[29][30]
TurkmenistanAshgabat7–9 AprilOfficial visit
Details
Foreign Minister Swaraj visited Ashgabat on 7 April 2015 on a three-day visit. There she met PresidentGurbanguly Berdymukhamedov besides co-chairing an inter-governmental joint commission with her counterpartRashid Meredov.TAPI gas pipeline is believed to be the key agenda of talks between India and Turkmenistan.[31][32]
IndonesiaBandung21–24 AprilBandung Conference
Details
Foreign Minister Swaraj visited Bandung, Indonesia, to join the celebration of 60 years ofBandung Conference.[33]
South AfricaDurban18–21 MayOfficial visit
Details
Swaraj personally handed over the invitation for upcomingThird India Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi to South African PresidentJacob Zuma. She also participated in Ninth India-South Africa Ministerial meetings.[34]
United StatesNew York City20–22 JuneYoga Day celebration atUnited Nations
Details
  NepalKathmandu2 JuneDonor's conference on Nepal earthquake Rehabilitation
Details
She held bilateral meeting with Chinese foreign ministerWang Yi apart from participating in Nepal quake donor's conference where India pledged US$1 billion for the rehabilitation work.[35]
ThailandBangkok27–29 JuneOfficial visit
Details
[36]
EgyptCairo23–25 AugustOfficial visit
Details
[37]
GermanyBerlin25–27 AugustOfficial visit
Details
PakistanIslamabad7–8 DecemberHeart of Asia conference
Details
[37]

2016

[edit]
CountryAreas visitedDate(s)Purpose(s)Notes
Sri LankaColombo5–6 February
Details
  NepalPokhara16–17 March37th SAARC Council of Ministers' Meeting
Details
IranTehran16–17 April
Details
RussiaMoscow17–19 April
Details
MyanmarNaypyidaw22 August
Details
ItalyRome2–5 September
Details

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Sushma Swaraj-first woman to get External Affairs portfolio". 26 May 2014. Retrieved29 August 2014.
  2. ^"Fast Track Diplomacy".
  3. ^"PM Modi's 100 days: Sushma Swaraj talks tough on Pakistan, China and US".The Economic Times. 9 September 2014. Retrieved10 September 2014.
  4. ^"Vietnam among pillars of India's "Look East" policy".english.vietnamnet.vn.Vietnam News Agency. 18 November 2013. Archived fromthe original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved18 November 2013.
  5. ^"Modi govt to give greater push to India's Look East Policy, says Sushma Swaraj".Firstpost. 25 August 2014. Archived fromthe original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved10 September 2014.
  6. ^"Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East".The Economic Times. 26 August 2014. Archived fromthe original on 29 August 2014.
  7. ^ab"Sushma Swaraj in Myanmar for ASEAN meet, East Asia Summit". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Archived fromthe original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved12 August 2014.
  8. ^"Swaraj holds 7 bilateral meetings on sidelines of ASEAN summit". Indiatvnews.com. 9 August 2014. Retrieved12 August 2014.
  9. ^"Sushma Swaraj in Dhaka".BDNews24. 26 June 2014. Retrieved28 July 2014.
  10. ^"Sushma Swaraj on 2-Day Visit to Bangladesh, Teesta, Land Boundary Top of Agenda". 26 June 2014. Retrieved28 July 2014.
  11. ^"Sushma Swaraj describes her Nepal visit very successful".The Times of India. 27 July 2014. Retrieved4 August 2014.
  12. ^"Swaraj holds 7 bilateral meetings on sidelines of ASEAN summit". Indiatvnews.com. 9 August 2014. Retrieved12 August 2014.
  13. ^"Sushma Swaraj Describes Myanmar Visit as Very Successful".Zee News. 11 August 2014. Retrieved19 August 2014.
  14. ^"Report: Singapore to Help India inSmart Cities Project After Sushma Swaraj's Visit".Daily News and Analysis. 16 August 2014. Retrieved19 August 2014.
  15. ^"Sushma Swaraj in Hanoi, India examining Vietnam's South China Sea oil blocks offer".The Times of India. 25 August 2014. Retrieved10 September 2014.
  16. ^"Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East".The Economic Times. 26 August 2014. Archived fromthe original on 29 August 2014.
  17. ^"Sushma Swaraj arrives in Afghanistan; strategic ties on the agenda".The Indian Express. 10 September 2014. Retrieved10 September 2014.
  18. ^ab"Sushma meets Karzai in Kabul, stresses partnership".Hindustan Times. 11 September 2014. Archived fromthe original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved11 September 2014.
  19. ^"Delhigears to join China-Russia club". 8 June 2014. Archived fromthe original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved11 September 2014.
  20. ^"sushma swaraj begins US visit meets counterparts from 7 nations".The Economic Times. 25 September 2014. Retrieved25 September 2014.
  21. ^"India to cooperate with Mauritius to safeguard Indian Ocean".The Economic Times. 2 November 2014. Retrieved2 November 2014.
  22. ^"India committed to Maldives' security & stability: Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj".The Economic Times. 3 November 2014. Retrieved4 November 2014.
  23. ^"External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj seeks increased UAE investments during visit".The Economic Times. 11 November 2014. Retrieved11 November 2014.
  24. ^"Swaraj, Aziz meet briefly on SAARC sidelines".The Indian Express. 25 November 2014.
  25. ^"Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj on three-day visit to South Korea from Sunday".The Economic Times. 26 December 2014.
  26. ^"Sushma Swaraj arrives in Beijing on four-day visit; China allays fears of regional hegemony".The Times of India. 31 January 2015. Retrieved31 January 2015.
  27. ^"Official visit of Minister of External Affairs and Overseas Indian Affairs to the Sultanate of Oman".Ministry of External Affairs (India). 16 February 2015. Retrieved17 February 2015.
  28. ^"India seeks its place in Indian Ocean ahead of Modi's China visit".Times of India. 17 February 2015. Retrieved17 February 2015.
  29. ^"Sushma Swaraj to travel to Sri Lanka ahead of PM Modi's visit".Press Trust of India/Live Mint. 1 March 2015. Retrieved1 March 2015.
  30. ^"External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj calls on Sri Lankan President Sirisena upon arriving in Colombo".Press Trust of India/Daily News and Analysis. 6 March 2015. Retrieved6 March 2015.
  31. ^"Sushma Swaraj visits Turkmenistan".Twitter. 7 April 2015. Retrieved7 April 2015.
  32. ^"Sushma Swaraj in Turkmenistan to hold talks on TAPI, key issues".The Economic Times. 7 April 2015. Retrieved7 April 2015.
  33. ^"Visit of EAM to Indonesia".Ministry of External Affairs (India). 21 April 2015. Retrieved21 April 2015.
  34. ^"Sushma Swaraj leaves on four-day visit to South Africa".
  35. ^"Sushma Swaraj concludes Nepal visit". Archived fromthe original on 1 July 2015.
  36. ^"India, Thailand sign multiple agreements, including DTAT".The Economic Times. 29 June 2015.
  37. ^ab"Keeping up connect with Arab world, Sushma to visit Egypt". Retrieved17 August 2015.
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