Surat district | |
|---|---|
     Clockwise from top-left: University Road, Tapi River, Kedareshwar Temple inBardoli, Apartments inVesu, Dumas Beach andHazira Port | |
 Interactive Map Outlining Surat District | |
.svg) Location of district in Gujarat | |
| Coordinates:20°55′N73°03′E / 20.92°N 73.05°E /20.92; 73.05 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Gujarat |
| Headquarters | Surat |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,418 km2 (1,706 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 9,758,263 |
| • Rank | 10 of 640 in India 2 of 33 in Gujarat |
| • Density | 2,209/km2 (5,721/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Gujarati,Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | GJ 05, GJ 19 & GJ 28 |
| Website | surat |
Surat district is a district in the state ofGujarat, city as the administrative headquarters of this district. It is surrounded byBharuch,Narmada (North),Navsari (South) districts and eastTapi district To the west is theGulf of Cambay. It is the second-most advanced district in Gujarat. It had a population of 6,081,322, of which 79.68% were urban as of 2011.On 2 October 2007 Surat district was split into two by the creation of a new Tapi district, under the Surat District Re-organisation Act 2007.
During theQuit India Movement ofMahatma Gandhi in 1942, A large number of 3,000Kolicultivators from Matwad, Karadi, Machhad and Kothmadi inSuratDistrict fought against British soldiers at Matwad with lathis and dharias on 21 August 1942. In this fight, four persons including one policeman died. The kolis also snatched away four police muskets and two bayonets. Kolis smashed up theJalalporeRailway Station, removed the Rails and burnt down the post office. After this, the situation in the neighbouring villages ofBorsad,Anand andThasrataluqas became so aggravated that British troops was marched through the villages between 22 and 24 August 1942.[3][4]
As of 2011 it is the 12th most populous district of India (out of 640), and the second most populous district of Gujarat (out of33) afterAhmadabad.[1][2]
Surat District's total area is 4,418 km2, and the density of Surat District was 1,376 per km2 at the 2011 Census. The region has the highest population density in the State, followed by Ahmedabad region. There are 10 sub-districts in Surat district. These include Surat city, Mandvi, Bardoli, Palsana, Mahuva, Kamrej, Mangrol, Choryasi, Olpad and Umarpada.
Surat has atropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw), moderated strongly by the Sea to the Gulf of Cambay. The summer begins in early March and lasts until June. April and May are the hottest months, the average maximum temperature being 37 °C (99 °F).Monsoon begins in late June, and the city receives about 1,200 millimetres (47 in) of rain by the end of September, with the average maximum being 32 °C (90 °F) during those months. October and November see the retreat of the monsoon and a return of high temperatures until late November. Winter starts in December and ends in late February, with average mean temperatures of around 23 °C (73 °F), and negligible rain.
Since the 20th century, Surat has experienced 14 floods.[5] In 1968, most parts of the city were flooded and in 1994 a flood caused a country-wide plague outbreak, Surat being the epicenter. In 1998, 30 per cent of Surat had gone under water due to flooding inTapti river following release of water fromUkai dam located 90 km from Surat and in Aug, 2006 more than 95 per cent of the city was under Tapti river waters, killing more than 120 people, stranding tens of thousands in their homes without food or electricity and closing businesses and schools for weeks.[6][5]
| Climate data for Surat, Gujarat (1932–1980) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Source 1: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Climate Guide (sunshine only)[8] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 462,643 | — |
| 1911 | 494,771 | +0.67% |
| 1921 | 496,671 | +0.04% |
| 1931 | 546,018 | +0.95% |
| 1941 | 658,719 | +1.89% |
| 1951 | 781,625 | +1.73% |
| 1961 | 984,689 | +2.34% |
| 1971 | 1,329,422 | +3.05% |
| 1981 | 1,965,240 | +3.99% |
| 1991 | 2,770,921 | +3.50% |
| 2001 | 4,275,540 | +4.43% |
| 2023 | 9,758,263 | +3.82% |
| source:[9] | ||
According to the2011 census Surat district has apopulation of 6,081,322,[1] roughly equal to the nation ofEl Salvador[10] or the US state ofMissouri.[11] This gives it a ranking of 12th in India (out of a total of640).[1] The district has a population density of 1,376 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,560/sq mi) .[1] Itspopulation growth rate was 42.24% over the decade 2001–2011 and 54.30% over the decade 1991–2001.[12] Surat has asex ratio of 788females for every 1000 males,[1] and aliteracy rate of 86.5%. 79.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 2.60% and 14.09% of the population respectively.[1]
| Hinduism | 86.50% | |||
| Islam | 10.87% | |||
| Jainism | 1.86% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.77% | |||
| Distribution of religions | ||||
Hinduism is the main religion. Islam and Jainism are also present.[13]
At the time of the 2011 census, 60.06% of the population spokeGujarati, 19.62%Hindi, 8.03%Marathi, 2.60%Odia, 2.47%Urdu, 1.44%Marwari, 1.30%Bhojpuri and 1.01%Chodri as their first language.[14]
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surat | 155 | Olpad | Mukesh Patel | MoS | ||
| 156 | Mangrol (Surat) (ST) | Ganpat Vasava | ||||
| 157 | Mandvi (Surat) (ST) | Kunvarji Halpati | MoS | |||
| 158 | Kamrej | Prafulbhai Pansheriya | MoS | |||
| 159 | Surat East | Arvind Rana | ||||
| 160 | Surat North | Kanti Balar | ||||
| 161 | Varachha Road | Kishor Kanani | ||||
| 162 | Karanj | Pravin Ghoghari | ||||
| 163 | Limbayat | Sangita Patil | ||||
| 164 | Udhana | Manu Patel | ||||
| 165 | Majura | Harsh Sanghavi | MoS(I/C) | |||
| 166 | Katargam | Vinod Moradiya | ||||
| 167 | Surat West | Purnesh Modi | ||||
| 168 | Choryasi | Sandip Desai | ||||
| 169 | Bardoli (SC) | Ishwarbhai Parmar | ||||
| 170 | Mahuva (Surat) (ST) | Mohanbhai Dhodia | ||||
Places of tourist interest inSurat include the beautiful beaches ofDumas andUbhrat, theSwaminarayan Mandir, theScience Centre, Surat, the village of Bardoli among many others.
| No | Head | Unit | Particulars |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL UNIT | Number | 52,252 |
| 2 | TOTAL INDUSTRIAL UNIT | Number | 52,252 |
| 3 | REGISTERED MEDIUM & LARGE UNIT | Number | 805 |
| 4 | ESTIMATED AVERAGE NO. OF DAILY & WORKER EMPLOYED IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES | Number | 1,45,527 |
| 5 | EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE & MEDIUM INDUSTRIES | Number | 1,68,987 |
| 6 | NO. OF INDUSTRIAL AREA | Number | 10 |
| 7 | TURNOVER OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES | Rs. (in Lacs) | 6,180 |
| 8 | TURNOVER OF MEDIUM & LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES | Rs. (in Lacs) | 34,862 |
The above details has been taken fromBrief Industrial Profile of Surat District[15]
El Salvador 6,071,774 July 2011 est.
Missouri 5,988,927
Geographic data related toSurat district atOpenStreetMapPlaces adjacent to Surat district | |
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