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Iru (condiment)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSumbala)
Fermented locust beans used as condiment in cooking in West Africa
For other uses, seeIru.

Irú (Yoruba) orDaddawa (Hausa)[1] orEware (Edo) orSumbala (Bambara) orNarghi (Fula) is a type of fermented and processedlocust beans (Parkia biglobosa) used as acondiment in cooking.[2] It is similar toogiri anddouchi. It is popular throughoutWest African cuisine. It is used in cooking traditionalsoups likeegusi soup,okro soup (ila),Ewedu soup, andogbono soup.[3]

Iru production

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Dry iru cakes

The fabrication process involves boiling, cleaning and then packing away to ferment. This fermentation process gives it a pungent smell. Salt can be added to the finished product to facilitate storage life.

This condiment is traditionally sold in balls or patties that can be kept for several months at a time in the case of the best quality.

Yorubas make two types of Irú:

  • Irú Wooro is used mostly in vegetable soups like Efo Riro, Egusi soup, Ofada sauce, Ayamashe, Buka stew,Obe ata, Ila Asepo, etc.[4]
  • Irú pẹ̀tẹ̀ is used in makingewedu andegusi soup.[5]

Duringfermentation, the reducingsugar content increases, and the total freeamino acid content initially decreases; in the end, however, there is a large increase in free amino acid content.[6]

Names and variations

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Names and variants in several different languages of the region include:

See also

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References

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  1. ^Sokoh, Ozoz "Chop Chop" (2025) p.24 "Sometimes erroneously confused with dawadawa, which is a grass"ISBN 9781648291890
  2. ^"Dawadawa: The Magical Food Ingredient".LivingTheAncestralWay. Archived fromthe original on 2024-11-11. Retrieved2024-10-23.
  3. ^Petrikova, Ivica; Bhattacharjee, Ranjana; Fraser, Paul D. (Jan 2023)."The 'Nigerian Diet' and Its Evolution: Review of the Existing Literature and Household Survey Data".Foods.12 (3): 443.doi:10.3390/foods12030443.PMC 9914143.PMID 36765972.
  4. ^for #OunjeAladun, Omolabake (2021-04-23)."Iru (Fermented Locust Beans). How it is made".Ounje Aladun. Retrieved2026-01-19.
  5. ^LIN, @ (2023-02-04)."Why Iru Is Nutritious and Healthy".LIN. Retrieved2026-01-19.{{cite web}}:|first= has numeric name (help)
  6. ^Abaelu, Adela M.; Olukoya, Daniel K.; Okochi, Veronica I.; Akinrimisi, Ezekiel O. (1990)."Biochemical changes in fermented melon (egusi) seeds (Citrullis vulgaris)".Journal of Industrial Microbiology.6 (3):211–214.doi:10.1007/BF01577698.S2CID 24595120.
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