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| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| MedlinePlus | a682204 |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.130 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H11N3O2S |
| Molar mass | 249.29 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 191 to 193 °C (376 to 379 °F) |
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Sulfapyridine (INN; also known assulphapyridine) is asulfanilamideantibacterial medication. At one time, it was commonly referred to asM&B 693. Sulfapyridine is no longer prescribed for treatment of infections inhumans. However, it may be used to treatlinear IgA disease and has use inveterinary medicine.[1] It is a goodantibacterial drug, but its watersolubility is verypH dependent. Thus there is a risk ofcrystallization within thebladder orurethra, which could lead to pain or blockage. As with other sulfonamides, there is a significant risk ofagranulocytosis, and this, rather than the development of resistance by bacteria, is the main reason for its decline in use.
Sulfapyridine was one of the first generation of sulfonamide antibiotics. It was first synthesised by chemistMontague Phillips, working under director of research Arthur Ewins at the British firmMay & Baker Ltd,Dagenham on 2 November 1937. This sample was recorded in their test log as T693.[2]
Animal testing was conducted by clinical pathologistLionel Whitby at the Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology,Middlesex Hospital inLondon under the designation M&B 693. Whitby discovered the antibacterial properties of sulfapyridine againstpneumococci and a range of other bacteria in mice.[3]
Clinical trials were conducted between March and June 1938 atDudley Road Hospital,Birmingham by doctors G. Mary Evans and Wilfrid Gaisford. These trials demonstrated a 70% reduction in mortality in 100 patients withlobar pneumonia.[4]
May & Baker began marketing sulphapyridine in theUK under the trade name Dagenan in October 1938.[5]
During the aftermath to the disastrousconvoy SC7, in October 1940, Surgeon-Lieutenant John Robertson, RN, ofHMSLeith, saved the life of Commodore Lachlan MacKinnon, from the torpedoedAssyrian, who had developed pneumonia, by giving him M&B 693, despite Robertson never having used it before and not knowing the required dosage.[6]
M&B 693 was successfully used to treatWinston Churchill's bacterial pneumonia.[7][8]
The same source records that in 1944 M&B 693 also saved Nero, the Royal Circus lion, from pneumonia.[9]
It could either be taken in tablet form[10] or the powder could be placed in wounds. It was used so widely during the Second World War that May & Baker had difficulty keeping up with demand. It was later largely superseded bypenicillin and other sulfonamides.
Sulfapyridine may still be prescribed forDermatitis herpetiformis, also known as Duhring's disease.[11][12]
As of December 1990, the drug is no longer marketed.[13]
The drugsulfasalazine is structurally one molecule ofmesalamine linked to one molecule of sulfapyridine with anazo chemical linker.
This admirable M&B, from which I did not suffer any inconvenience, was used at the earliest moment; and after a week's fever the intruders were repulsed. I hope all our battles will be equally well conducted....
M&B seemed to be everywhere, even at the circus, where the medicine was reported to have pulled Nero, Royal circus lion, through pneumonia, and at the London Zoo, where Winnie the lioness was also treated with M&B 693 for pneumonia.