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Stratum spinosum

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Layer of the epidermis
Histologic image showing a section of epidermis. Stratum spinosum labeled slightly below center.

Thestratum spinosum (orspinous layer/prickle cell layer)[1] is a layer of theepidermis found between thestratum granulosum andstratum basale.[2] This layer is composed of polyhedralkeratinocytes.[3][4] These are joined withdesmosomes.[3] Their spiny (Latin, spinosum) appearance is due to shrinking of themicrofilaments between desmosomes that occurs when stained withH&E.Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum,[5] although the actual keratinocytes begin in thestratum basale.[4] They have large pale-staining nuclei as they are active in synthesizing fibrillar proteins, known ascytokeratin, which build up within the cells aggregating together formingtonofibrils. The tonofibrils go on to form the desmosomes, which allow for strong connections to form between adjacent keratinocytes. The stratum spinosum also containsLangerhans cells, which functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damaged cells that occur in this layer.[6][7][8]

Clinical significance

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Diffusehyperplasia of the stratum spinosum is termedacanthosis.[citation needed]

Additional images

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  • Epidermis and dermis of human skin
    Epidermis and dermis of human skin
  • Section of epidermis
    Section of epidermis

See also

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References

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  1. ^Rook, Arthur; Burns, Tony (2004).Rook's textbook of dermatology. Blackwell Science. pp. 3.7 –3.8.ISBN 978-0-632-06429-8.OCLC 55097298.
  2. ^James, William D; Berger, Timothy G; Elston, Dirk M; Odom, Richard B (2006).Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 2.ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.OCLC 62736861.
  3. ^abBarbieri, J.S.; Wanat, K.; Seykora, J. (2014). "Skin: Basic Structure and Function".Pathobiology of Human Disease. pp. 1134–1144.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03501-2.ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4.
  4. ^abMcBain, A.J.; o'Neill, C.A.; Oates, A. (2016). "Skin Microbiology".Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99217-1.ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3.
  5. ^Marks, James G; Lookingbill, Donald P (2006).Lookingbill and Marks' principles of dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 6.ISBN 978-1-4160-3185-7.OCLC 70829704.
  6. ^Young, Barbara; Heath, John W; Stevens, Alan; Lowe, J S; Wheater, Paul R; Burkitt, H. George (2000).Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingstone.ISBN 978-0-443-05612-3.OCLC 43051605.[page needed]
  7. ^Di Meglio, Paola; Conrad, Curdin (2016). "Psoriasis, Cutaneous Lupus Erithematosus and Immunobiology of the Skin".Encyclopedia of Immunobiology. pp. 192–203.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.15008-8.ISBN 978-0-08-092152-5.
  8. ^ This article incorporatestext available under theCC BY 4.0 license.Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (June 28, 2023).Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 5.1 Layers of the skin.ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3.
Skin
Epidermis
Basement membrane
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
Adnexa
Skin glands
Hair
Root sheath
Hair shaft
Muscle
Pilosebaceous unit
Nail
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