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 Interactive map of Statue of Abraham Lincoln | |
| Location | 400 block of Indiana Ave NWWashington, D.C., U.S. |
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| Coordinates | 38°53′42″N77°01′03″W / 38.8949769°N 77.0175131°W /38.8949769; -77.0175131 |
| Designer | Lot Flannery (sculptor) Frank G. Pierson (architect) |
| Material | Marble (sculpture) Granite (base) |
| Length | 2.5 feet (0.76 m) |
| Width | 2.9 feet (0.88 m) |
| Height | 7.3 feet (2.2 m) |
| Opening date | April 15, 1868 |
| Dedicated to | Abraham Lincoln |
Abraham Lincoln is amarble sculpture of U.S. PresidentAbraham Lincoln by Irish artistLot Flannery, located in front of the oldDistrict of Columbia City Hall inWashington, D.C., United States. The statue is the nation's oldest extant memorial to the president and was installed several blocks fromFord's Theatre, where Lincoln was assassinated. Flannery was present at the theater on the night of Lincoln's assassination.
Dedicated in 1868 on the third anniversary ofLincoln's death, dignitaries at the unveiling ceremony included PresidentAndrew Johnson and GeneralsUlysses S. Grant,William Tecumseh Sherman andWinfield Scott Hancock. The statue has been removed and rededicated twice. The first rededication was in 1923, following an outpouring of support from citizens and a veterans group that the statue be restored. The second rededication took place in 2009 after a three-year remodeling of the old City Hall. It previously stood on a column but now rests on top of an octagonal base.
Most of the residents ofWashington, D.C. were shocked and horrified by theassassination ofRepublican PresidentAbraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. Because of its geographical location, the city was sometimes suspected of being sympathetic to theConfederacy during theCivil War. Since Lincoln was killed in Washington, some of the residents worried Republican congressional leaders would seek revenge on the city. Thirteen days after Lincoln died, in an attempt to show loyalty, city and business leaders decided to erect a memorial honoring the slain president.[1] It was the first Lincoln monument commissioned after his death, but not the first one built.[1][2] In 1866, a plaster statue (later replaced by a metal one) of Lincoln was erected inSan Francisco. It was destroyed during the firestorm that followed the1906 earthquake.[1]
The total cost of the memorial was $25,000. Washingtonians were responsible for most of the donations with the remaining funds raised by the Lincoln Monument Association.[1][2] The largest donation came fromJohn T. Ford, the manager of Ford's Theatre at the time of Lincoln's assassination. He held a benefit performance at his theater inBaltimore, raising $1,800.[1][3] Although several designs were submitted, the monument's planning committee unanimously chose the model by Lot Flannery (1836–1922), a local Irish-American artist, calling it the "most spirited" and "an excellent likeness."[1] Flannery had known Lincoln and was at Ford's Theatre the night of the assassination. His statue is the only statue of Lincoln created by someone who knew him.[4] In addition to the Lincoln sculpture, Flannery's notable works include the Arsenal Monument atCongressional Cemetery and a sculpture of PresidentChester Arthur on display at theSmithsonian American Art Museum.[5][6] Frank G. Pierson was chosen to be the monument's architect.[2]
On the evening of April 14, 1868, the Lincoln statue was moved from Flannery's studio to City Hall. Police guarded the covered statue so no one could see it before the dedication ceremony the following day. On April 15, all of the city's offices were closed at noon, and all flags were flown at half-staff.[1] An estimated 20,000 people, around 20% of Washington's population, attended the dedication.[3] Dignitaries at the dedication included PresidentAndrew Johnson, GeneralUlysses S. Grant, GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Sherman, and GeneralWinfield Scott Hancock. Supreme Court Justices and members of Congress were not in attendance because Johnson'simpeachment trial was taking place. AMasonic ceremony, along with music and prayers, took place at the dedication before the main speech by Major GeneralBenjamin Brown French. Following the speech, Washington mayorRichard Wallach introduced Johnson, who uncovered the statue. The crowd cheered, followed by more music and finally a benediction.[1]
In 1919, the memorial was dismantled and placed in storage during the renovations of City Hall. Some of the city's residents and officials did not want the memorial reinstalled when renovations were complete since the much larger and granderLincoln Memorial was already under construction.[1][2] Others thought the tall pedestal was unsafe.[7] When the public heard of the plans to leave the monument in storage, many were upset and groups such as theGrand Army of the Republic demanded the statue be reinstalled.[1] PresidentWarren G. Harding even lobbied Congress on behalf of angry citizens.[7] Government officials conceded, but by that point, the statue was missing. It was later found in crates behind theBureau of Engraving and Printing and cleaned. On June 21, 1922, anAct of Congress authorized the rededication, which took place April 15, 1923, 55 years after the initial dedication. When the statue was replaced, it was set on a new shorter base instead of the original column. An unexpected consequence of this was vandals having easy access to the statue. Lincoln's fingers were broken off several times, and his right hand had to be replaced.[1][2]
In 2006, the memorial was moved when renovations once again took place on the old City Hall, now home to theDistrict of Columbia Court of Appeals. The statue was restored and cleaned before being returned when renovations were completed in 2009. On April 15, 2009, 144 years after the original dedication, the memorial was rededicated a second time.[3] The statue is the country's oldest extant memorial to Lincoln.[1] It is one of six statues in public places in Washington, D.C. honoring the slain president.[8]
The marble statue is located on Indiana Avenue NW, in front of the oldDistrict of Columbia City Hall in theJudiciary Square neighborhood.[8] It measures 7.3 feet (2.2 m) high 2.9 feet (0.88 m) wide while the granite base measures 6.4 feet (2.0 m) high and 7 feet (2.1 m) wide. The statue portrays Abraham Lincoln standing, wearing a long coat with a bow tie and waistcoat. His left hand rests on afasces while his right arm is by his side. Lincoln's partially open right hand points to the ground as he looks to his left. The right hand was replaced at some point, and the new one is considered too large to scale. A sword or scroll previously hung by his right side but is now missing. The two-tiered base consists of a rectangle on top of a lower square-shaped foundation.[2]
The statue originally stood on an 18-foot (5.5 m) high marble column atop a 6-foot (1.8 m) high octagonal base.[2] A reporter askedLot Flannery why the statue was set on such a high pedestal. He responded: "I lived through the days and nights of gloom following the assassination. As to every one else, it was a personal lamentation. And when it fell to me to carve and erect this statue I resolved and did place it so high that no assassin's hand could ever again strike him down."[4]
Inscriptions on the monument include the following:[2]
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