| St James' Church, Louth | |
|---|---|
| St James' Church | |
 The church and its spire | |
  St James' Church, Louth Location within Lincolnshire | |
| 53°22′00″N0°00′29″W / 53.3666°N 0.0080°W /53.3666; -0.0080 | |
| Location | Louth,East Lindsey |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Churchmanship | Broad Church |
| Website | St James' Church |
| History | |
| Status | Active |
| Dedication | James, son of Zebedee |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade I listed[1] |
| Years built | 1430–1440 (Church body), 1501-1515 (Spire)[2] |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 182 feet (55 m) |
| Spire height | 287 feet 6 inches (87.63 m) |
| Administration | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Lincoln |
| Archdeaconry | Lincoln |
| Deanery | Louthesk[3] |
| Parish | Louth |
| Clergy | |
| Rector | Mike Croft |
| Laity | |
| Organist/Director of music | Allan Smith |
St James' Church, Louth, is theAnglican parish church ofLouth inLincolnshire, England. It is notable for having the third tallest spire in the whole of the United Kingdom, and the tallest on an Anglican parish church. The church was the site of the start of theLincolnshire Rising, starting in October 1536 and led by the vicar, who was hanged, drawn and quartered for his actions.
In 2015 researchers discovered two pieces of a stone pre-Conquest standing cross, dating to c.950, in the Rectory garden. In form the cross is of the 'ring' or 'wheel head' type, the central design being ofChrist crucified. This type is more commonly seen today in Ireland. The cross suggests that Louth was a significant site in the tenth century, as the bishop ofLindsey promoted a market to reassert his authority after the disruptions of theViking incursions.[4] The Louth Cross is on display within the church.
The church is mainly 15th century and is the third building on the site, replacing 11th- and 13th-century buildings. Thechancel andnave were re-built between 1430 and 1440. Originally the church had five subsidiary chapels and altars and a three-storeyrood screen.
The building of the tower probably commenced in the 1440s or 1450s and was completed to its present height by 1499. Work began on the spire in 1501 and it was not finished until 1515. The master mason (and likely the designer) was John Cole, though he was replaced in 1505 by Christopher Scune, and then in 1515 by John Tempas of Boston.[5] Theweathercock was placed on the top of the spire amongst great rejoicing on the eve of Holy Cross Day, 13 September 1515. This 'wedercoke' had been made in Lincoln from a huge copper basin captured from the Scots at theBattle of Flodden in 1513. It was bought in York by Thomas Tayleyor, one of the churchwardens at St James'. The total cost of the spire alone was £305 8s 4d (equivalent to £285,800 in 2023).[6]
The tower is of three stages externally, though only two internally. The lowest stage contains the west door and five-light west window, and rises to the height of the church body. The second stage forms alantern, with windows on all sides, and is capped by alierne vault at a height of 86 feet.[5] A walkway runs around the tower at this stage. The top stage is set back and contains the ringing chamber, sound chamber and bell chamber. This stage has particularly attenuated proportions, and is derived architecturally from work in Yorkshire and atDurham Cathedral.[5] At the very top of the tower are thesquinches to carry the spire, and a rare medieval treadmill hoist called the 'Wild Mare'. This was installed in 1501-02 and was used in the erection of the spire.[5] The tower is topped with an openwork embattled parapet and four octagonal corner pinnacles, each 43' 6" high.[5] These bring the height of the tower proper to 196' 9".[5]
The spire is of the octagonal parapet form. Though it has bothbroaches andflying buttresses linking it to the pinnacles, these are entirely ornamental.[5] It is of unusually plain form, with just one tier of small lucarnes, another possible sign of Yorkshire influence.[5] The structure is also exceptionally efficient, with the stonework being a maximum of twenty inches thick. This means that it weighs just 200 tons, less than the 290 tons of the corner pinnacles.[5] The stonework rises to 287 feet 6 inches (87.63 m), while the top of the cockerel weather vane is 293 feet 1 inch (89.33 m) above the ground.[7]
In October 1536, as a result ofHenry VIII's ecclesiastical changes, people gathered in the church to start theLincolnshire Rising, which was followed by thePilgrimage of Grace. Neither succeeded and the church was stripped of its riches, including the rood screen, by the king's forces.
The spire's prodigious height made it vulnerable to the elements, being damaged by storms in 1558, 1587, 1634, 1828 and 1843, and restored each time.[5]
The nave roof was replaced in 1825.[8] The spire wasrestored between 1844 and 1845 byLewis Nockalls Cottingham.[9]
A further restoration took place between 1861 and 1869 byJames Fowler, known as 'Fowler of Louth'.[1] The clerestories and arcades were cleaned and underpinned. A new south porch was erected. The church was refitted with open seats of oak; the Corporation stalls being of the same material. The pulpit was carved byT. W. Wallis. The floors were laid with Minton tiles, designed by the architect. A new heating system by Hayden and Son of Trowbridge was installed with the boiler in a newly constructed vault. A stained glass window, the gift of J. L. Fytche, was fixed on the east end of the south aisle. Another window, by Clayton and Bell, was to be placed at the west end of the north aisle, in memory of General Sir George Patey. The total cost of the works was around £6,000 (equivalent to £700,000 in 2023).[6] The church was re-opened on 5 August 1869 in the presence of theBishop of Lincoln.[10]
In 1937, the church flew the highest flag in Lincolnshire to mark thecoronation ofGeorge VI.[11] Later that year, renovation work commenced on the spire, under the supervision of architect Mr. Goddard, who had previously worked onLincoln Cathedral.[11]
In 2017 funding was raised to fit a viewing door to the cell just below the spire floor, enabling the viewing of the 'Wild Mare' treadmill.
The church is dedicated toJames, son of Zebedee. In theMiddle Ages, this saint was the focus of a majorpilgrimage route toSantiago de Compostela in Spain.
In 1859 the income of the vicarage was augmented by an Order in Council by amalgamating it with revenues of the associated canonry of Lincoln Cathedral, the benefice becoming a rectory in its own right. The vicar in post became the new Rector of Louth and held the associated canonry from that point onwards. During the 19th and early 20th centuries the parish was divided to create two new parishes, of which the Rector of Louth was the patron. From 1928 the Rector of Louth was held together with the post of Rector of Welton le Wold. In 1974 the benefice became part of a Team Ministry serving the newly created Parish of Louth which incorporated these parishes (St Michael's and Holy Trinity) with those of South and North Elkington, Keddington and Stewton. Since that time the Rector of Louth has been Team Rector of the Team Ministry.
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There is a peal of eight bells. They were recast in 1726 by Daniel Hedderly. In 1798 the great bell was cracked when it was rung to celebrateNelson's victory in theBattle of the Nile. They were rehung in 1957, and the treble and two were recast. They have subsequently been refurbished and rehung in 2022. The peal is the eighth heaviest in England.[5]
The clock in the tower was installed in 1846 and made byBenjamin Vulliamy.[14] It had a pin-wheel dead-beat escapement, with an eight-day movement. It was expected to last 200 years before needing replacement, and was set going on 25 July 1846.
It was replaced in August 1901 by a clock made by Leonard Hall of Louth. It contained a double three-legged gravity escapement as invented byEdmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe, and chimed theWestminster chimes every 15 minutes. The hour hammer weighs 57 pounds (26 kg). The total weight of the clock is about 1 long ton (1.1 short tons) with driving weights of another 1 ton, suspended on steel wire ropes of 450 feet (140 m).[15]
An organ accompanied the singing of theTe Deum at the consecration of the spire in 1515. This organ had been brought some years before from Flanders.[16] When this organ was worn out in 1531, it is recorded in the parish records:
That the honest men of this towne of Louthe deshirying to have a good payr of organs, to the laude, prayse and honour of God, and the Hole, Holy Co’pany of heffen, made an assemble together for this purpose on a certayne daye; at which type Mr. Richard Taylor, preste and bachelor of laws, then abydyng w’tin the dyocess of Norwiche being p’sent, herying the good devoute mynds, and vertuouse intent of the said townesmen, wherin he was borne and brought up, offred for to cause them have a payr made of a c’nnyng man in Lyn, that should be exampled by a payre of the same making at Ely, who was called Mr. Blyton, which then had a singular Prayse, for the sum of xxii powndes, whereof he pr’mysed to giff thereto xi powndes: upon whiche promesse they accorded, insomuch that the said Mr. Taylor covennantyd and bargaynyd the organ to be made and brought to this towne, and set upon the north syde in the hihhe quere, on St Barnabe Eve, in the yere of oure Lorde, M.V. xxxj., &c., &c.
A new organ byGray & Davison costing £800 (equivalent to £96,400 in 2023)[6] was opened on 17 December 1857[17] byHenry Smart. This organ was altered byForster and Andrews in 1868/9. After a rebuild in 1911 byNorman and Beard, it now has 37 stops and three manuals and pedals.
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St James is nominated a "Cascade Church" within the Lincolnshire Church Tourism Network, an ecumenical scheme which promotes visits to and understanding of Lincolnshire's many churches. Like other Cascade churches it is stewarded on weekdays and there are guides available until 16:00. The western end of the church now has a tea shop, book shop and toilets, as well as information leading to other churches in theEast Lindsey area.[citation needed]
