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Sputnik (rocket)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Small carrier rocket

For the Sputnik 11A59 rocket, seePolyot (rocket). For other uses, seeSputnik (disambiguation).

Not to be confused withSputnik 1 orSputnik spacecraft.

Size
Sputnik rocket
Function	Early (first)carrier rocket
Manufacturer	OKB-1
Country of origin	USSR
Height	8K71PS: 30 m (98 ft) 8A91: 31.1 m (102 ft)
Diameter	2.99 m (9 ft 10 in)
Width	10.303 m (33.80 ft)
Mass	8K71PS: 267,000 kg (589,000 lb) 8A91: 269,300 kg (593,700 lb)
Stages	2
Capacity
Payload toLEO
Mass	8K71PS: 500 kg (1,100 lb) 8A91: 1,327 kg (2,926 lb)

Associated rockets
Family	R-7
Comparable	Vanguard Juno I
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	Baikonur,Site 1/5
Total launches	4 (8K71PS: 2, 8A91: 2)
Success(es)	3
Failure	1 (8A91)
First flight	8K71PS: 4 October 1957 8A91: 27 April 1958
Last flight	8K71PS: 3 November 1957 8A91: 15 May 1958
Carries passengers or cargo	Sputnik 1 Sputnik 2 Sputnik 3

Boosters (First stage) – Block B, V, G & D^[a]
No. boosters	4
Powered by	1 × RD-107
Maximum thrust	970 kN (220,000 lb_f)
Specific impulse	306 s (3.00 km/s)
Burn time	120 seconds
Propellant	LOX / Kerosene
Second stage (core) – Block A
Powered by	1 × RD-108
Maximum thrust	912 kN (205,000 lb_f)
Specific impulse	308 s (3.02 km/s)
Burn time	330 seconds
Propellant	LOX / Kerosene

[edit on Wikidata]

TheSputnik rocket was an uncrewedorbital carrier rocket designed bySergei Korolev in theSoviet Union, derived from theR-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's firstsatellite launch, placingSputnik 1 into alow Earth orbit.

Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS (GRAU index 8K71PS), which was used to launchSputnik 1 and laterSputnik 2, and the Sputnik (8A91), which failed to launch a satellite in April 1958, and subsequently launchedSputnik 3 on 15 May 1958.^[1]

A later member of theR-7 family, thePolyot, used the same configuration as the Sputnik rocket, but was constructed fromVoskhod components. Because of the similarity, the Polyot was sometimes known as the Sputnik 11A59.

Specifications

[edit]

First Stage: Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
- Gross mass: 43 tonnes (95,000 lb)
- Empty mass: 3.4 tonnes (7,500 lb)
- Thrust (vac.): 4 × 389 kilonewtons (87,000 lb_f)
- Isp (SL): 250 seconds (2.5 km/s)
- Isp (vac.): 306 seconds (3.00 km/s)
- Burn time: 120 seconds
- Diameter: 2.68 metres (8 ft 10 in)
- Width: 2.68 metres (8 ft 10 in)
- Length without nozzles: 1.92 metres (6 ft 4 in)
- Propellants:LOX / Kerosene
- Engines: 1 × RD-107-8D74PS per booster = 4
Second Stage: Block A (core stage)
- Gross mass: 94 tonnes (207,000 lb)
- Empty mass: 7.495 tonnes (16,520 lb)
- Thrust (vac.): 970 kilonewtons (220,000 lb_f)
- Isp (SL): 241 seconds (2.36 km/s)
- Isp (vac.): 308 seconds (3.02 km/s)
- Burn time: 310 seconds (5 minutes, 10 seconds)
- Diameter: 2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in)
- Width: 2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in)
- Length: 2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in)
- Propellants:LOX / Kerosene
- Engine: 1 × RD-108-8D75PS
Total mass: 267 tonnes (589,000 lb)
Total width: 10.303 metres (33.80 ft)
LEO payload: 500 kilograms (1,100 lb)
Total liftoff thrust: 3,890 kilonewtons (870,000 lb_f)

Sputnik 8A91

[edit]

TheSputnik 8A91 had more powerful 8D76 and 8D77 engines installed,^[2] increasing its payload capacity, and allowing it to launch much heavier satellites thanSputnik 1 andSputnik 2. It was launched two times, in 1958.^[3] The first launch, on 27 April, failed due to vibrations that unexpectedly occurred during the flight along thelongitudinal axis of the rocket. On 15 May, it successfully launchedSputnik 3.^[4]^[5]

Sputnik specifications

[edit]

First Stage: Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters), 4 × Sputnik 8A91-0
- Gross mass: 43 tonnes (95,000 lb)
- Empty mass: 3.4 tonnes (7,500 lb)
- Thrust (vac.): 4 × 389 kilonewtons (87,000 lb_f)
- Isp (SL): 252 seconds (2.47 km/s)
- Isp (vac.): 310 seconds (3.0 km/s)
- Burn time: 130 seconds (2 minutes, 10 second)
- Diameter: 2.68 metres (8 ft 10 in)
- Width: 2.68 metres (8 ft 10 in)
- Length without nozzles: 1.92 metres (6 ft 4 in)
- Propellants:LOX / Kerosene
- Engines: 1 × RD-107-8D76 per booster = 4
Second Stage: Block A (core stage), Sputnik 8A91-1
- Gross mass: 95 tonnes (209,000 lb)
- Empty mass: 7.1 tonnes (16,000 lb)
- Thrust (vac.): 804 kilonewtons (181,000 lb_f)
- Isp (SL): 246 seconds (2.41 km/s)
- Isp (vac.): 315 seconds (3.09 km/s)
- Burn time: 360 seconds (6 minutes)
- Diameter: 2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in)
- Width: 2.95 metres (9 ft 8 in)
- Length: 2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in)
- Propellants:LOX / Kerosene
- Engine: 1 × RD-108-8D77
Total mass: 269.3 tonnes (594,000 lb)^[6]
Total width: 10.303 metres (33.80 ft)
LEO payload: 1,327 kilograms (2,926 lb)
Total liftoff thrust: 3,784 kilonewtons (851,000 lb_f)

Notes

[edit]

^This is a transliteration of the second through fifth letters of the Cyrillic alphabet (Б, В, Г, Д). Asense-for-sense translation would correspond to the second through fifth letters of the Latin alphabet, 'Block B, C, D & E'.

References

[edit]

^(in Russian)Sputnik Rocket Archived 2005-01-03 at theWayback Machine
^"РД-107 и РД-108 | RD-107 and RD-108". lpre.de. Retrieved2015-12-24.
^"Jonathan McDowell's launch log". planet4589.org. Retrieved2015-12-24.
^(in Russian)Soviet Solar Cells on Orbit
^"Sputnik 3". astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on 2013-11-08. Retrieved2015-12-24.
^"Sputnik 8A91".astronautix.com. Retrieved13 May 2023.
^"SL-1 R/B".n2yo.com.

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Eris^† Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H3 HANBIT-NANO^† Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 12A LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB Spectrum^† SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2E 3
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Blue Whale 1 Ceres-2 Cyclone-4M Deca Eclipse Epsilon S Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kinetica 2 2H 3 KSLV-III Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf RFA One SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIA H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 2-1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 RS1^† Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^† 2
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

v t e Soviet andRussian launch vehicles
Active	Angara 1.2 A5 Soyuz-2 2.1a 2.1b UR Proton-M
In development	Amur Irtysh Yenisei
Retired	Dnepr Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U U2 FG 2.1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Start-1 Tsyklon original 2 3 UR UR-500 Proton-K Rokot Strela Zenit 2 2M 3SL 3SLB 3F
Cancelled (no launch attempts)	Tsyklon-4 Proton Light Medium

R-7 rockets

Missiles

Launch systems

Sputnik Polyot Voskhod
Vostok	Luna Vostok-L Vostok-K Vostok-2 Vostok-2M
Molniya	Molniya Molniya-M
Soyuz	Soyuz/Vostok Soyuz Soyuz-L Soyuz-M Soyuz-U U2 Soyuz-FG
Soyuz 2	Soyuz 2.1a / 2.1b ST-A / ST-B Soyuz 2.1v

Launch sites

Launches

Engines

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Specifications

Sputnik 8A91

Sputnik specifications

See also

Notes

References