Solin | |
|---|---|
| Grad Solin Town of Solin | |
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 Coat of arms | |
 Interactive map of Solin | |
  Solin Location of Solin in Croatia | |
| Coordinates:43°32′06″N16°29′06″E / 43.535°N 16.485°E /43.535; 16.485 | |
| Country |  Croatia |
| Region | Dalmatia |
| County |  Split-Dalmatia |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dalibor Ninčević (HDZ) |
| • City Council President | Dr. Zdravko Perko (HDZ) |
| • City Council name | Gradsko Vijeće |
| • No. of Council members | 19 |
| Area | |
• Town | 34.2 km2 (13.2 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 11.4 km2 (4.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021)[2] | |
• Town | 24,862 |
| • Density | 727/km2 (1,880/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 20,996 |
| • Urban density | 1,840/km2 (4,770/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 21 210 |
| Area code | +385 (0)21 |
| Vehicle registration | ST |
| Website | solin |
Solin is a town and asuburb ofSplit, inSplit-Dalmatia county,Croatia. It is situated right northeast ofSplit, on theAdriatic Sea and the riverJadro.
Solin developed on the location of ancient city ofSalona, which was the capital of theRoman province of Dalmatia and the birthplace of EmperorDiocletian. After the arrival ofAvars andCroats[3] in the 7th-century, the town was destroyed, and its refugees moved to the settlement in and around Diocletian's palace, "Spalatum" (Split), turning it into a fortified town. In theEarly Middle Ages, Solin was part of Croatian territory and played an important role in theMedieval Croatian state, being one of the political centres.
In the 20th century, the intensiveindustrialisation process of the Split basin made Solin no more than a suburb of Split. Today, with its independent municipal status, Solin is part of theSplitconurbation, well connected with other towns. Lately, besides industry, tourism is being developed based on numerousarchaeological sites and Solin's distinctive image that comes from many urban parks along the Jadro.
Solin is situated north of theSplit peninsula, in a basin surrounded by mountains Kozjak (779 m; 2,556 ft) to the north and Mosor (1,339 m; 4,393 ft) to the east. The ancient city ofSalona developed near theestuary of Jadro, and the latermedieval settlement was formed on one of the several islands formed by the river, which is where today's center is also situated.
The city covers an area of 18 km2 (7 sq mi), situated in the central part of theSplitconurbation, eight kilometres (5 mi) north of Split, six kilometres (3.7 mi) east ofKaštela, 22 kilometres (14 mi) east ofTrogir and four kilometres (2 mi) south ofKlis. Residential and business parts of the city are located in the middle part of the river's flow, and on the gentle slopes that make the Solin basin. Industrial areas occupy a small valley of the upper basin of the Jadro, as well as large areas to the west of the center, on the easternmost tip of the bay of Kaštela where industrial and service port is situated. The ruins of the ancient Salona are located in the middle, to the west of today center.
The climate isMediterranean, with mild winters and hot summers. During the winter, a strong north-eastern windBura occurs frequently.
Solin's climate has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. TheKöppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Csa" (Mediterranean climate).
| Climate data for Solin, Croatia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 38.6 (101.5) | 38.1 (100.6) | 34.2 (93.6) | 27.9 (82.2) | 25.8 (78.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 11.0 (51.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.4 (63.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 26.7 (80.1) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 14.9 (58.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 19.4 (66.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) | 8.3 (46.9) | 10.6 (51.1) | 14.2 (57.6) | 19.1 (66.4) | 23.0 (73.4) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 12.5 (54.5) | 9.2 (48.6) | 16.2 (61.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.6 (45.7) | 10.8 (51.4) | 15.2 (59.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 6.0 (42.8) | 12.9 (55.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) | −8.1 (17.4) | −6.6 (20.1) | 0.3 (32.5) | 4.8 (40.6) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.0 (55.4) | 11.2 (52.2) | 8.8 (47.8) | 3.8 (38.8) | −4.5 (23.9) | −6.3 (20.7) | −9.0 (15.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 77.3 (3.04) | 62.8 (2.47) | 63.4 (2.50) | 62.6 (2.46) | 55.4 (2.18) | 49.7 (1.96) | 26.3 (1.04) | 42.7 (1.68) | 71.0 (2.80) | 76.5 (3.01) | 112.9 (4.44) | 103.5 (4.07) | 804.1 (31.65) |
| Average rainy days | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 109 |
| Average snowy days | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 131.5 | 147.9 | 186.8 | 217.2 | 273.0 | 307.4 | 350.3 | 324.8 | 247.3 | 196.9 | 130.6 | 119.3 | 2,633 |
| Source 1: National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (Croatia)[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Weather Information Service[5] | |||||||||||||
The administrative area of the city of Solin includes the following settlements:[6]
In the vernacular, Solin is divided into eight neighbourhoods: Centar, Priko vode, Srednja strana, Sveti Kajo, Rupotina, Vranjic, Mravince and Kučine.
| population | 1878 | 2169 | 2203 | 2302 | 2862 | 3710 | 4017 | 5515 | 4402 | 4520 | 6298 | 11984 | 13980 | 15410 | 19011 | 23926 | 24862 |
| 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 |
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In the late ancient times, Salona's importance was great both politically and religiously. It was the birthplace of EmperorDiocletian, who ruled theRoman Empire from 284 to 305AD.[7][8] He was born around 244, and served as a soldier and then a Roman army officer as a young man.[9]
Salona was an early Roman settlement, which became overshadowed when Diocletian constructed the nearbyDiocletian's Palace in about the year 300 AD.[10] Surviving local residents of Salona, after theAvars retreated from those regions, to a settlement "Spalatum", today's (Split), at the location of Diocletian's Palace (probably around the middle 7th centuryAD).Christianity in Salona probably originated during the time of theapostles.[11]
The ApostlePaul mentions that his pupilApostle Titus traveled to Dalmatia[12] so the assumption that he worked in Dalmatia's capital city of Salona, at least for a short time, is probable. That city, located on theAdriatic coast, with excellent sea connections withItaly and theMiddle East, attracted Christian messengers of faith.
Salona had a well-organized Christian community with a bishop as leader ever since the middle of the 3rd century (bishop martyrVenantius lived at that time). Since the fourth century, Salona honored in its large basilicas its glorious martyrs from the times of Diocletian's persecution: St Domnius (Latin:Domnius; Croatian:Duje; Italian:Domnio), craftsmanAnastasius the Fuller, deacon Septimia, priest Asteria, and others.
In the fifth Century, Salona's bishops started exercising more metropolitan duties (archbishop Hezihius), and in the sixth century they carried the archbishop title as well (arhiepiscopus), and fulfilled the duties associated with the title. (archbishopsStephen,Honorius and others). That means that at that time they held primary positions in western Illyria. Siscia's bishop from the regionPannonia joined the Dalmatian bishops on the synods held in Salona in the years 530 and 533 as a member with full rights. At the time of Diocletian, Salona had a population of 60,000.
In 639 Salona was destroyed by the Slavs.[13] After the fall of Salona and the whole region under the Avarian rule (first quarter of 7th century), worship of Salona's martyrs was moved to Rome. Namely,Pope John IV ordered transportation of parts of their relics, which he placed in a dedicated chapel close to theLateran baptistry. The images of those saints, which had been created in mosaic by the Pope's wish, can be found today in the apside of the chapel. Search for relics for Rome was probably the incentive for Salona residents who inhabited the new city of Split, located only a few kilometers from the abandoned Salona. At the very least, they wanted to bring to Split the bones of their most important protectors: St. Domnius andSt. Anastasius. They placed them in what was onceDiocletian's mausoleum, which was subsequently converted into theCathedral of Saint Domnius.
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In the 9th century, DukeTrpimir I of Croatia built a Benedictine monastery betweenKlis and Solin. Inscriptions dated to 852 from there are first known written record of the name ofCroats in modern-day Croatian territory.[14]
In the 10th century, QueenHelen (Jelena) had built two churches by the Jadro: the Church of St. Stephen and the Church of St. Mary. The Church of St. Stephen wasthe burial place of a number of Croatian kings along with other nobility,[15] It was destroyed by theOttoman Turks in the 16th century. The nearby Church of Saint Mary was the burial site ofMihajlo Krešimir II and his wife Jelena, the benefactress.[15]
In the 11th century, theChurch of Saint Peter and Moses (known today as "hollow church") was built north of Solin, near the two churches of Saint Mary and Stephen, in whichDemetrius Zvonimir was crowned as king of Dalmatia and Croatia.
As of 2021, Solin has 24,862inhabitants, 49.01% of them beingmale and 50.09% beingfemale.[16]
Solin is situated on the D8 (E65) Adriatic road ("Jadranska magistrala"), that becomes a 4-lane "Split bypass road" here and continues south towards Split and further down the Adriatic coast. A big roundabout south of the city centre is a major intersection with a D1 (E59) road that connects the area ofSplitconurbation with the A1 Zagreb-Split highway.
The Zagreb-Split railway passes through the city territory. Although there is a train station in Solin (2 km (1 mi) to the west of the city centre), only regional trains stop here. Regional rail transport is to be intensified because of theSplit Suburban Railway project.
Split Airport (SPU) in Kaštela is situated 15 km (9 mi) to the west of Solin, well-connected by roads and local transport.
Public transport is organized by several bus lines operated by thePromet Split company, which provides public transport for theSplit conurbation. These routes are:
Local bus lines fromSplit toKaštela,Trogir,Klis andSinj also stop in Solin centre.
In the 1980s, production departments of the Jugoplastika started working in Solin.[17] In the 1990s, Jugoplastika becameAD Plastik, which became biggest manufacturer of vehicle plastics in Croatia.[17]
Subdivisions ofSplit-Dalmatia County | ||
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