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Asolid-state transformer (SST),power electronic transformer (PET), orelectronic power transformer is anAC-to-AC converter, a type ofelectric power converter that replaces a conventionaltransformer used inACelectric power distribution. It is more complex than a conventional transformer operating atutility frequency, but can be smaller and more efficient than conventional transformers because it operates at higher frequencies. Solid-state transformers are an emerging technology as of 2025[update].
Solid-state transformers can actively regulate voltage and current. Some can convert single-phase power to three-phase power and vice versa. Variations can input or outputDC power to reduce the number ofconversions, for greater end-to-end efficiency. As a complex electronic circuit, it must be designed to withstand lightning and other surges.
The main types aretrue AC-to-AC converter (with no DC stages) and AC-to-DC-to-DC-to-AC converter (in which an activerectifier supplies power to aDC-to-DC converter, which supplies power to apower inverter). A solid-state transformer usually contains a transformer, inside the AC-to-AC converter or DC-to-DC converter, which provides electrical isolation and carries the full power. This transformer is smaller due to smaller DC-DC inverting stages between transformer coils, which consequently mean smaller transformer coils required to step up or step down voltages.
A modular solid-state transformer consists of several high-frequency transformers[1] and is similar to amulti-level converter.
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