| Slavonian Military Frontier Slawonische Militärgrenze Szlavón határőrvidék Slavonska vojna granica Slavonska vojna krajina Славонска војна крајина | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of theMilitary Frontier,Habsburg monarchy | |||||||||
| 1745–1881 | |||||||||
 Slavonian Military Frontier in 1751 | |||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1870 | 246,901 | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1745 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 15 July 1881 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Croatia Serbia | ||||||||
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TheSlavonian Military Frontier (Croatian:Slavonska vojna krajina orSlavonska vojna granica;Serbian:Славонска војна крајина;German:Slawonische Militärgrenze;Hungarian:Szlavón határőrvidék) was a district of theMilitary Frontier, a territory in theHabsburg monarchy, first during the period of theAustrian Empire and then during theAustro-Hungarian Monarchy. It was formed out of territories the Habsburgs conquered from theOttoman Empire and included southern parts ofSlavonia andSyrmia; today the area it covered is mostly in easternCroatia, with its easternmost parts in northernSerbia (mostly inVojvodina region.)
The Slavonian Military Frontier was divided between three regiments: Regiment N°VII, based atVinkovci; Regiment N°VIII, based atNova Gradiška and Regiment N°IX, based atPetrovaradin.
Other important towns in the area includedSremski Karlovci,Stara Pazova,Zemun, andSremska Mitrovica.
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During History, the name Slavonian Military Frontier referred to different territories. It was first located in what is nowCentral Croatia and was known as theVaraždin generalat. It was created from territories that had been part of medievalBanovina of Slavonia. Shortly after its creation in the 16th century, original Slavonian Military Frontier bordered theOttoman Empire to the east, theHabsburg Kingdom of Croatia (part of theHabsburg monarchy) to the west, theCroatian Military Frontier to the south-west, and theHabsburg Kingdom of Hungary, also part of the Habsburg Empire, to the north.
After theTreaty of Karlowitz (1699),Habsburg monarchy expanded its territory towards east and new sections of theMilitary Frontier were founded along theSava,Danube,Tisa andMureş rivers. New parts of the frontier were divided into two generalats: the first one included territory fromGradiška to riverTisa and the second one included territories along theTisa andMureş rivers. Until the middle of the 18th century, the entireSlavonia region was under military administration. In 1745, northern parts of Slavonia were placed under civil administration and were organized into the newly formed Habsburg crownland known as theKingdom of Slavonia. The southern parts of Slavonia that remained under military administration were organized into Slavonian Military Frontier, while former original Slavonian Military Frontier was organized asVaraždin section of theCroatian Military Frontier.
In the second half of the 18th century, the Slavonian Military Frontier bordered theHabsburg Kingdom of Croatia and theCroatian Military Frontier to the west, the HabsburgKingdom of Slavonia and theHabsburg Kingdom of Hungary to the north, theBanat Military Frontier to the east and theOttoman province of Bosnia andSanjak of Smederevo to the south. In 1783 it was placed under the unified control of the Croatian General Command (German:Kroatisches General-Commando) headquartered inZagreb.[1] The only changes of this province's borders and neighborhood before its integration intoKingdom of Croatia-Slavonia in 1881 were in 1848–1849 when autonomousSerbian Vojvodina included eastern parts of Slavonian Military Frontier and between 1849 and 1860, during the existence ofVoivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, a separate Habsburg crownland which became a north-eastern neighbor of Slavonian Military Frontier. After the creation of thePrincipality of Serbia in 1815, this was their southeastern neighbor.
In 1776, the rural population of the Slavonian military frontier was 177,212. The number of Roman Catholic men was 43,635, while number ofOrthodox men was 33,970. The number of inhabitants of cities was 11,353, and that giving a total of 188,565 inhabitants.
InBrod andGradiška regiments Catholics outnumbered the minority Orthodox, and inPetrovaradin regiment the Orthodox were more numerous.
In 1820, population of Slavonian Military Frontier included 117,933 Catholics and 117,274Orthodox Christians.[2]
In 1870, Slavonian military frontier had, according to official census, 246,901 inhabitants. Of that number 143,873 were Roman Catholic and 92,991 were Orthodox (living mainly in eastern Syrmia).Brod regiment had 82,540 inhabitants out of which 73,892 were Roman Catholic and 6,886 were Orthodox.Gradiška regiment had 61,596 inhabitants out of which 45,601 were Roman Catholic and 15,933 were Orthodox.Petrovaradin regiment had 102,765 inhabitants out of which 70,172 were Orthodox and 24,380 were Roman Catholic.[3]
