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Sexræd and Sæward of Essex

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7th century king of the East Saxons

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Sexred, orSexræd (d. 626?), andSæward (Sæward of Essex) are two brothers who jointly served as king of theEast Saxons after the death of their fatherSæbert.^[1]

Their father converted toChristianity in 604,^[2] becoming the first Christian king of the East Saxons. WhenSæberht died in c. 616? the two brothers ruled jointly as king, perhaps with another, said on no good authority to have been named Sigebert (Bromton, ap. Decem SS. col. 743) but perhaps the unplaced Seaxbald, father ofSwithhelm.^[3] Both refused to acceptChristianity, openly practisedpaganism and gave permission to his subjects to worship their idols. They repressedChristianity in favour of theindigenous English religion, allowing the worship of their people's native gods.^[4]

When the brothers sawMellitus (d. 624), bishop of London, giving theeucharist to the people in church, it was commonly believed in theVenerable Bede's time that they said to him, "Why do you not offer us thewhite bread that you used to give to our father Saba, for so they called him, and which you still give to the people?" Mellitus answered that if they would be washed in the font they should have it, but that otherwise it would do them no good. But they said that they would not enter the font, for they did not need washing but refreshment. The matter was often explained to them by the bishop, who persisted in refusing their request. At last they grew angry and banished him from their kingdom.^[5] Not long afterwards they went out to fight with the West Saxons, their army being almost wholly destroyed (Bede, Hist. Eccl. ii. c. 5). This battle was fought againstCynegils andCwichelm of Wessex, theWest Saxon kings who invaded their territory with a larger force than the East Saxons could muster in or about 626. They and their brother were killed in a battle against the forces ofWessex.^[5]

They were succeeded bySigeberht the Little.^[6] Some sources suggest that their direct successor was actuallySigeberht the Good.^[4]^[7]

In popular culture

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The first series ofBBC Four comedyDetectorists follows a group of characters searching for Sexred's lost burial place, in the hope of uncovering a Saxon hoard.

References

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^McCann, Kathrin (2018).Anglo-Saxon Kingship and Political Power. University of Wales Press. p. 22.ISBN 9781786832931.
^Johnson, Flint (2017).The British Heroic Age A History, 367-664. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.ISBN 9781476626116.
^Yorke, Barbara. "The Kingdom of the East Saxons." Anglo-Saxon England 14 (1985): 1-36.
^^a ^bRippon, Stephen (2022).Territoriality and the Early Medieval Landscape The Countryside of the East Saxon Kingdom. Boydell & Brewer, Limited. p. 18,176.ISBN 9781783276806.
^^a ^b"Kings of the East Saxons", by Barbara Yorke,Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
^Hunt, William (1900)."Pike, Samuel" . InLee, Sidney (ed.).Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 63. London:Smith, Elder & Co.sources: [Mon. Hist. Brit. pp. 629, 637; Henry of Huntingdon, sect. 31, p. 57 (Rolls Ser.); Dict. Chr. Biogr. art. 'Sexred,' by Bishop Stubbs.]
^Lappenberg, Johann Martin; Benjamin Thorpe (1845).A history of England under the Anglo-Saxon kings Volume 1. p. 244.

Attribution

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897)."Sexred" .Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 51. London:Smith, Elder & Co.

Preceded by

Sæberht

King of Essex
616?–623?
Joint king withSaeward and another brother

Succeeded by

Sigeberht the Little

v t e Monarchs of Essex
Æscwine Sledd Sæberht Sexræd /Sæward Sigeberht the Little Sigeberht the Good Swithhelm Sighere /Sæbbi Sigeheard /Swæfred Offa Sælred /Swæfberht Swithred Sigeric I Sigered Egbert‡ Sigeric II
‡ Also monarch of Wessex, Kent, Sussex and Mercia.

Rulers ofmedieval England

Territories/dates^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]	Northumbria		Mercia	Wessex	Sussex	Kent	Essex	East Anglia
450–600	Sub-Roman Britain
450–600	Kingdom of Bernicia Esa EoppaIda Glappa Adda Æthelric Theodric Frithuwald Hussa	Kingdom of Deira Ælla Æthelric	Kingdom of Mercia Icel Cnebba CynewaldCreoda Pybba Cearl Penda Eowa Peada	Kingdom of theGewisse Cerdic Cynric Ceawlin Ceol Ceolwulf Cynegils Cwichelm Cenwalh	Kingdom of the South Saxons Ælle Cissa Æthelwealh	Kingdom of the Kentish Hengest Horsa OiscOcta Eormenric Æðelberht I Eadbald Eorcenberht Eormenred Ecgberht I Hlothhere	Kingdom of the East Saxons Æscwine Sledd Sæberht Sexred Sæward Sigeberht the Little Sigeberht the Good Swithhelm Sighere Sæbbi Sigeheard Swæfred Offa Saelred Swæfberht Swithred Sigeric Sigered	Kingdom of the East Angles Wehha Wuffa Tytila Rædwald Eorpwald Ricberht Sigeberht Ecgric Anna Æthelhere Æthelwold Ealdwulf Ælfwald Beonna Alberht Æthelred I Æthelberht II
600–616	Æthelfrith
616–632	Edwin
632–634	Eanfrith	Osric
633–644	Oswald Oswiu
645–648	Oswiu	Oswine		Penda
648–651		Oswine		Cenwalh SeaxburhCenfus of WessexÆscwineCentwine Kingdom of the West Saxons Cædwalla Ine Æthelheard Cuthred Sigeberht Cynewulf Beorhtric Ecgberht
651–654		Œthelwald
655–658	Kingdom of Northumbria Oswiu Ecgfrith Aldfrith Eadwulf I Osred I Coenred Osric Ceolwulf Eadberht Oswulf Æthelwald Moll Alhred Æthelred I Ælfwald I Osred II Æthelred I Osbald Eardwulf Ælfwald II Eardwulf Eanred Æthelred II Rædwulf Æthelred II Osberht Ælla Osberht		Oswiu
658–685			Wulfhere Æthelred I Cœnred CeolredCeolwaldÆthelbald Beornred Offa Ecgfrith Coenwulf Kenelm Ceolwulf I Beornwulf Ludeca Wiglaf
685–686					Eadric
686–771					Ecgwald Berthun Andhun Nothhelm Watt Bryni Osric Æthelstan Æthelbert	Mul Swæfheard Swæfberht Oswine Wihtred Alric Eadbert I Æðelbert II Eardwulf Eadberht II Sigered Eanmund Heabert Ecgbert II Ealhmund
771–785					Offa
785–794					Offa
794–796					Offa			Offa
796–800					Eadberht III Præn Cuthred			Eadwald
800–807					Eadberht III Præn Cuthred			Coenwulf Ceolwulf I Beornwulf
807–823					Coenwulf Ceolwulf I Beornwulf
823–825				Ecgberht
825–826							Ecgberht
826–829							Ecgberht	Æthelstan Æthelweard Edmund Oswald Æthelred II Guthrum Eohric Æthelwold Guthrum II
829–830			Ecgberht				Sigeric II
830–837			Wiglaf Wigmund Wigstan Ælfflæd Beorhtwulf Burgred Ceolwulf II Æthelred Æthelflæd Ælfwynn				Sigeric II
837–839				Ecgberht Æthelwulf Æthelbald Æthelberht Æthelred I Alfred the Great
867–872	Northern Northumbria Ecgberht I	Southern Northumbria Military conquest by theGreat Heathen Army
872–875	Ricsige
875–886	Ecgberht Eadwulf II	Halfdan Ragnarsson Guthred Siefredus Cnut Æthelwold Eowils and Halfdan
886–910	Ecgberht Eadwulf II			Kingdom of England Alfred the Great Edward the Elder
910–918	Eadwulf II Ealdred I			Kingdom of England Alfred the Great Edward the Elder
918–927	Ealdred I Adulf mcEtulfe	Ragnall ua Ímair Sitric Cáech Gofraid ua Ímair	Edward the Elder Æthelstan
927–934	Ealdred I Adulf mcEtulfe	Æthelstan
934–939	Æthelstan
939–944	Olaf Guthfrithson Amlaíb Cuarán Sitric II Ragnall Guthfrithson		Edmund I
944–946	Edmund I
947–954	Osulf I	Eric Bloodaxe Amlaíb Cuarán Eric Bloodaxe	Eadred
955–1013	Eadwig Edgar Edward the Martyr Æthelred the Unready
1013–1014	House of Knýtlinga Sweyn Forkbeard
1014–1016	House of Wessex Æthelred the Unready Edmund Ironside
1016–1042	House of Knýtlinga Cnut Harold Harefoot Harthacnut
1042–1066	House of Wessex Edward the Confessor
1066	House of Godwin Harold Godwinson
1066–1135	House of Normandy William I William II Henry I
1135–1154	House of Blois Stephen
1154–1399	House of Plantagenet Henry II Richard I John Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Richard II
1399–1461	House of Lancaster Henry IV Henry V Henry VI
1461–1470	House of York Edward IV
1470–1471	House of Lancaster Henry VI
1471–1485	House of York Edward IV Edward V Richard III
1485–1603	Tudor period
Rulers of medieval Wales
^Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional ^Mackenzie, E; Ross, M (1834).An Historical, Topographical, and Descriptive View of the County Palatine of Durham. Vol. I. Newcastle upon Tyne: Mackenzie and Dent. p. xi. Retrieved28 February 2012. ^Downham, Clare (2007),Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Edinburgh: Dunedin,ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0,OCLC 163618313 ^Woolf, Alex (2007),From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5,OCLC 123113911 ^Zaluckyj, Sarah & Feryok, Marge.Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England (2001)ISBN 1-873827-62-8 ^Barbara Yorke (1995),Wessex in the early Middle Ages, A & C Black,ISBN 071851856X; pp79-83; table p.81 ^Kelly, S. E. (2004)."Kings of the South Saxons (act. 477–772)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52344. Retrieved3 February 2017. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^Keynes, Simon (2014). "Appendix I: Rulers of the English, c.450–1066". InLapidge, Michael (ed.).The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7. ^Kirby, D. P.The Earliest English Kings. London and New York: Routledge.ISBN 978-0-4152-4211-0. ^Lapidge, M.; et al., eds. (1999)."Kings of the East Angles".The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. London: Blackwell.ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1. ^Searle, W. G. 1899.Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles. ^Yorke, B. 1990.Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. ^Carpenter, Clive.Kings, Rulers and Statesmen. Guinness Superlatives, Ltd. ^Ross, Martha.Rulers and Governments of the World, Vol. 1.Earliest Times to 1491. ^Ashley, Michael (1998).British Monarchs: the Complete Genealogy, Gazetteer, and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Britain. London: Robinson.ISBN 978-1-8548-7504-4.