Security paper is apaper used insecurity printing that incorporates features that can be used to identify or authenticate a document as original,e.g., watermarks or invisible fibres in paper, or features that demonstrate tamper evidence whenfraud is attempted,e.g., to remove or alter print such as amounts or signatures on acheque. Examples of this kind of papers are used forbanknotes and used for identification such aspassports[1] andcertificates, such as birth certificates and different types of academic and qualification certificates, as well as government documents,e.g., voting ballots and tax strips. This also extends to personal and business checks, stock certificates, certificates issued by financial institutions and sensitive government-issued documents. The main use of security paper is to stop people fromcounterfeiting.
An initial patent for the manufacturing process for security paper was granted to Robert E. Menzies and John E. Aitken in the early 20th century.[2] According to the patent, the method by which security paper was produced involved using a solublethiocyanate (such asammonium thiocyanate) andlead, which could be used to create an insoluble salt such aslead thiocyanate. This compound would then bind to the paper pulp, adding weight and diminishing visibility of the inner contents of the envelope.
In the United States, under theIntelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Public Law 108-458, December 17, 2004, § 7211(b)(3)(A), 118 Stat. 3826, reprinted in the Official Notes to 5 USC § 301, all states are required to issue their birth certificates on "safety paper" which is "designed to prevent tampering, counterfeiting, or otherwise duplicating the birth certificate for fraudulent purposes."[3]
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Various techniques exist to implement security paper, particularly for reducing copying. These include:
Generally, the most sophisticated techniques are used withpaper money(see also:Counterfeit money § Anti-counterfeiting measures).
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