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Second Republic of China (Taiwan)

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Historiographical term

For mainland China's history, (from the perspective of considering theBeiyang government as the "First Republic of China") regarding the "Second Republic of China", seeNationalist government.

InTaiwan's political history, the term "Second Republic of China" (Chinese:中華民國第二共和) is used in historical research on the Republic of China (Taiwan) and was first proposed by Japanese political scientistMasahiro Wakabayashi [ja]; it may be useful in describing Taiwan's democratization and the "Taiwanization of the Republic of China."

The period referred to as "Second Republic of China" refers to Taiwan after May 1, 1991;Lee Teng-hui's government abolishedTemporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion and promulgated theAdditional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China. This centered on the Chinese identity and distinguished it from the "First Republic of China" (Chinese:中華民國第一共和) before May 1, 1991, which wasKuomintang's one-party system. The state agency that was established afterwards actually represents theTaiwanese people, not themainland Chinese, and the legitimacy of the state power's rule also comes from the mandate of the Taiwanese people.^[1]

References

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^"台灣人贏的策略與未來走向".李登輝之友會. Archived fromthe original on 2005-02-14. Retrieved2005-05-01.

v t e Cross-strait relations
Diplomatic posts	Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan) Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan) Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau
Diplomacy	Relations between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party Opening of the South-North route Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping Kinmen Agreement Wang–Koo summit Cross-strait charter 2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum May 17 Statement 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China Cross-strait high-level talks First Chen–Chiang summit Second Chen–Chiang summit Fourth Chen–Chiang summit Fifth Chen–Chiang summit Sixth Chen–Chiang summit Seventh Chen–Chiang summit Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Cross-Strait CEO Summit Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline 2014 Wang–Zhang meetings 2015 Xi–Chu meeting First Ma–Xi meeting 2016 Xi–Hung meeting Straits Forum Shanghai–Taipei City Forum Second Ma–Xi meeting
Conflicts	Chinese Civil War Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan Guanbi policy First Taiwan Strait Crisis Project National Glory Battle of Dong-Yin Battle of Dongshan Battle of East Chongwu Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis Senkaku Islands Dispute Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis August 2022 April 2023 August 2023 May 2024 October 2024 December 2024 April 2025 December 2025
Incidents	Capture of the Tuapse Kashmir Princess United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations CAAC Flight 296 China Airlines Flight 334 1987 Lieyu massacre Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident Min Ping Yu No. 5202 1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions White Paper on the Taiwan Question Qiandao Lake incident Tzuyu Incident Sunflower Student Movement Braga incident Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement Wang Liqiang Freedom pineapples 2021 Solomon Islands unrest 2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident Liu Zhenya incident 2025–2026 China–Japan diplomatic crisis
Legislation	Cross-Strait Act Anti-Secession Law Anti-Infiltration Act Guidelines on Imposing Criminal Punishments on Diehard "Taiwan independence" Separatists for Conducting or Inciting Secession
Organizations	All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum Cross-Strait Peace Forum Cross-Strait Relations Magazine Press Department of China Affairs of the Democratic Progressive Party Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People Institute of Taiwan Studies Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum Mainland Affairs Council Mainland Affairs Department of the Kuomintang National Society of Taiwan Studies National Unification Council Straits Exchange Foundation Taiwan Affairs Office Taiwan.cn Taiwan Competitiveness Forum Taiwan Strait Tourism Association
Concepts	1992 Consensus Both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family China Circle China's core interests China's final warning Chinese unification Chinese nationalism Chinese irredentism Chinese Taipei Cross-Strait Economic Zone Dang Guo Davidson window Deng's Six Conceptions Diehard "Taiwan independence" separatists Four Noes and One Without Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China Hostile foreign forces Fujian Demonstration Zone Greater China Han chauvinism Huadu (Taiwan) Hu's Four Points Hu's Six Points Jiang's Eight Points Message to Compatriots in Taiwan Never promise to renounce the use of force One China One China framework One China principle One-China policy One China with respective interpretations Under the Roof of One China One Country on Each Side One country, two systems Taiwan plan Qian's Seven Points Republic of China on Taiwan Self-determination Second Republic of China (Taiwan) Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang Special non-state-to-state relations Six Assurances Silicon shield Taiwan, China Two Chinas The Three Ts Three Noes Three Links Three things that can be discussed Taiwan consensus Taiwan-related terms Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan Xi Jinping Thought Xi's Five Points Ye's Nine Points Zhonghua minzu
Related	Cross-strait propaganda Fujian–Taiwan relationship Hong Kong–Taiwan relations Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council Pro-ROC camp Macau–Taiwan relations Chinese Travel Document Taiwan Entry Permit Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Resident Cross-strait language database ECFA Debate Geostrategy in Taiwan HMS Aurora (12) China and the United Nations China and the World Bank Chinese intelligence activity abroad Chinese information operations and information warfare Chinese Soviet Republic Freedom of religion in China Foreign relations of China Timeline of diplomatic relations with China Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity Political status of Taiwan Foreign relations of Taiwan Timeline of diplomatic relations of Taiwan Anti-Communist Hero Mainland spouses Milk Tea Alliance Taishang Taiwan Number One Taiwan independence movement Taiwan resident United front in Taiwan G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway China National Highway 228 (Taiwan) Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission Spamouflage Taiwan delegation to the National People's Congress Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama The World Turned Upside Down Go and Reclaim the Mainland Pro–Republic of China sentiment 2045 Reversed Front Zero Day Attack
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