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Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla

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Coordinates:17°45′N62°55′W / 17.750°N 62.917°W /17.750; -62.917

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(Redirected fromSaint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla)

1882–1983 British colony in the Caribbean Sea

Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla

1882–1983

Flag (1958–1967) (top)
Flag (1967–1983) (bottom)

Coat of arms

Motto: "Unity in Trinity"

Anthem: God Save the Queen (1882–1901; 1952–83)
God Save the King (1901–52)

Location of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
among theLeeward Islands.

Status Colony of the United Kingdom (1882–1967)
Associated state of the United Kingdom (1967–1983)

Capital Basseterre

Common languages English (official)
Saint Kitts Creole
Anguillian Creole

Government Constitutional monarchy

• 1882–1901 (first)

• 1952–83 (last)

• 1882–1885 (first)

Charles Monroe Elridge

• 1981-1983

Clement A. Arrindell

Legislature Legislative Council

History

• Established

16 June 1882

• Associated State

27 February 1967

• Disestablished

19 September 1983

Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Preceded by

Succeeded by

	Saint Christopher and Nevis
	Anguilla

Republic of Anguilla
Anguilla
Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (orSaint Christopher, Nevis, and Anguilla) was a British colony in theWest Indies from 1882 to 1983, consisting of the islands ofAnguilla (until 1980),Nevis, andSaint Christopher (or Saint Kitts). From 1882 to 1951, and again from 1980, the colony was known simply asSaint Christopher and Nevis. Saint Christopher and Nevis gained independence in 1983 as theFederation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, while Anguilla remains a British overseas territory.

History

[edit]

The islands of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been British colonies since the 17th century, but were administered separately until the 1880s. A union of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been proposed as early as 1867, when CaptainJames George Mackenzie was appointedLieutenant-Governor of Saint Christopher with a mandate to seek to combine the administrations of the two neighboring islands. This proposal met with strong opposition, however, and was withdrawn the following year.^[1] In 1871, Saint Christopher and Nevis became presidencies within theFederal Colony of the Leeward Islands. Anguilla was attached to Saint Christopher as a dependency the same year. In 1882, the Leeward Islands legislature passed legislation merging the two presidencies as the combined Presidency of Saint Christopher and Nevis.^[2] In 1951, the name was changed to include Anguilla.

TheLeeward Islands Colony was disbanded in 1958, due to frequent tension between its members. From 1958 to 1962, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla formed a province of theWest Indies Federation,electing two members to the House of Representatives and also having two senators, appointed by theGovernor-General.^[3]

In 1967, the territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla was granted full internal autonomy, as anAssociated State of the United Kingdom. The UK retained responsibility for defence and external affairs, while a new judicial system was established, headed by theWest Indies Associated States Supreme Court (although thePrivy Council remained the highest court of appeal).

Later in 1967, Anguilla's leaders expelled the Federation's police from the island, and declared the island's independence as theRepublic of Anguilla. On 7 November 1970, a commission led byHugh Wooding, formerChief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago, published a report that unanimously rejected both the idea of an independent Anguilla and Anguilla's becoming a separate British colony, and recommended that the island should instead remain a part of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla.^[4] The report was welcomed byRobert Llewellyn Bradshaw while the Council of Anguilla rejected it.^[4]Foreign and Commonwealth Office British MinisterJoseph Godber stated in theHouse of Commons of the United Kingdom that his government would analyze the report in light of discussions with all interested parties and that no decision unacceptable to the people of Anguilla would be made.^[4] A series of interim agreements followed that resulted in direct rule of the island from Britain, although it was not formally separated from St. Kitts and Nevis until December 1980, when it was made a separateCrown colony.^[5]^[6]

Nevis had also attempted to separate from the federation on several occasions. The island's leaders were unsuccessful in this effort, they did secure greater autonomy for Nevis in the years leading up to independence, which occurred in September 1983 after a delay of several years to allow for negotiations.^[7] SirFrederick Albert Phillips, the first governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, wrote in 2013:^[2]

It is generally acknowledged that the federation failed on several counts. It failed to live up to the promise of greatly improved administration; it failed to produce economies in the administration of the federating islands as one composite unit; and it failed in that it did not produce any significantly greater output in terms of social development.

Politics

[edit]

1956 stamp of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla

List of administrators

[edit]

From 1882 to 1958, the federation's administrator was under the wider jurisdiction of theGovernor of the Leeward Islands. From 1958 to 1962, the administrator was responsible to theGovernor-General of the West Indies Federation.^[8]

President

1882–83:Alexander Wilson Moir
1883–88:Charles Monroe Eldridge (acting to 1885)
1888–89:Francis Spencer Wigley (acting)

Commissioner

1889–95:John Kemys Spencer-Churchill

Administrator

Governor

1967–69: SirFrederick Albert Phillips
1969–75: SirMilton Pentonville Allen (acting to 1972)
1975–81: SirProbyn Ellsworth Inniss
1981–83: SirClement Athelston Arrindell

List of heads of government

[edit]

Chief Minister

1960–66:Caleb Azariah Paul Southwell
1966–67:Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw

Premier

Sport and culture

[edit]

Further information:Culture of Anguilla andCulture of Saint Kitts and Nevis

The national football team debuted in 1938, in a friendly againstGrenada, but played only sporadically. It has played more regularly since independence.^[9] Incricket, theAnguilla,Nevis, andSaint Kitts national teams competed separately at regional level, although combined teams were occasionally fielded in the past.^[10] Delegations from Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla were sent to several editions of theCARIFTA Games, winning medalsin 1977 and1983. At the1978 Commonwealth Games inEdmonton, Alberta, Canada, the federation sent four competitors (two runners and two cyclists, all male), but failed to win a medal.^[11]

Notable people

[edit]

Kelvin Jeffers (born 1963), former British Virgin Islands cricketer^[12]

References

[edit]

^Phillips, Sir Fred (2013).Commonwealth Caribbean Constitutional Law. pp. 126–127.ISBN 9781135338053.
^^a ^bPhillips, p. 129
^West Indies Federation Archived 12 July 2015 at theWayback Machine – Caribbean Elections. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
^^a ^b ^cMilutin Tomanović (1971)Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1970,Institute of International Politics and Economics:Belgrade, p. 2461 (inSerbo-Croatian)
^Minahan, James (2013).The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems. pp. 656–657.ISBN 9780313344978.
^Hubbard, Vincent (2002).A History of St. Kitts. Macmillan Caribbean. pp. 147–149.ISBN 9780333747605.
^Phillips, pp. 131–133
^Saint Kitts and Nevis – Rulers.org. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
^"Saint Kitts and Nevis – List of International Matches" –RSSSF. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
^Other matches played by St Kitts and Nevis Archived 30 July 2019 at theWayback Machine – CricketArchive. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
^Glenn Osborne competed in the 100 metres, running the slowest time in any of the seven heats, Ezzard Wilson competed in the 800 metres, and Vincent Benjamin and Cedric Maynard competing in various cycling events. "Medals won by St. Kitts & Nevis",1978 Commonwealth Games Archived 15 February 2013 at theWayback Machine – The Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
^"Twenty20 Matches played by Kelvin Jeffers". CricketArchive. Retrieved14 January 2013.

v t e Anguilla
History	Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla West Indies Associated States Republic of Anguilla 1967 Separation referendum	Flag of Anguilla
Districts	Blowing Point East End The Farrington George Hill Island Harbour North Hill North Side The Quarter Sandy Ground Sandy Hill South Hill Stoney Ground The Valley West End
Education	Albena Lake-Hodge Comprehensive School Saint James School of MedicineAnguilla campus
Transport	Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport
Landmarks	Wallblake House
Symbols	Coat of arms Flag National song
This list is incomplete.

Saint Kitts and Nevis articles

Category

FormerBritish Empire and currentBritish Overseas Territories

Legend: Former territory; Current territory; *CurrentCommonwealth realm; ^†Current member of theCommonwealth of Nations

Europe

Corsica 1794–1796
Gibraltar since 1713
Heligoland 1807–1890
Ionian Islands 1809–1864
^†pre 1800 acts of Union Ireland
- Lordship of Ireland 1177–1542
- Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1800 de facto client state; 1719-1800 de jure dependency)(Fully annexed into the UK)
Irish Free State 1921–1931
^†Malta
- Protectorate 1800–1813
- Colony 1813–1964
Minorca 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802

Africa

Basutoland (^†Lesotho) 1868–1966
Bechuanaland (^†Botswana) 1884–1966
Cameroons¹³ 1919–1961
Cape Colony 1795–1803
Cape of Good Hope 1806–1910
Central Africa 1891–1907
East Africa 1895–1920
Egypt 1882–1922
^†The Gambia 1816–1965
Gold Coast (^†Ghana) 1874–1957
^†Kenya 1920–1963
Lagos 1862–1906
Madeira 1807–1808
^†Mauritius 1810–1968
Natal 1856–1910
Niger Coast 1884–1900
^†Nigeria 1914–1960
Northern Nigeria 1900–1914
Northern Rhodesia¹⁵ 1924–1964
Nyasaland 1891–1964
Orange River 1900–1910
^†Seychelles 1903–1976
^†Sierra Leone 1792–1961
Somaliland 1884–1960
^†South Africa 1910–1931
South-West Africa¹² 1915–1931
Southern Rhodesia¹⁴ 1923–1965 and 1979–1980
Southern Nigeria 1900–1914
^†Swaziland 1893–1968
Sudan 1899–1956
Tanganyika¹³ 1922–1961
Transvaal 1900–1910
^†Uganda 1890–1962
Zanzibar 1890–1963
Zululand 1887–1897

¹²Now^†Namibia
¹³League of Nations mandate. British Cameroons is now part of^†Cameroon andNigeria, while Tanganyika is part of^†Tanzania.
¹⁴Self-governing Southern Rhodesiaunilaterally declared independence in 1965 (asRhodesia) and continued as anunrecognised state until the 1979Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
¹⁵Now^†Zambia

Asia

Aden Colony 1839–1967
Afghanistan 1839–1842
- Protectorate 1879–1919
Akrotiri and Dhekelia since 1960 (before as part ofCyprus)
Bencoolen 1685–1824
Banka andBilliton 1812–1824
Bengal 1757–1947
Bhutan (protectorate) 1907–1949
Borneo 1874–1963
British Indian Ocean Territory since 1965 (before as part ofMauritius andSeychelles)²⁶
Burma 1824–1948
^†Brunei 1888–1984
^†Ceylon 1795–1948
^†Cyprus 1878–1960
Hong Kong 1841–1997
^†India¹⁸ 1858–1947
Java 1811–1816
Kuwait 1918–1961
Labuan 1848–1946
Malaya 1819–1826
- Federated States 1895–1946
- Unfederated States 1885–1946
- Union 1946–1948
- Federation 1948–1957
Malacca 1824–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1957
^†Maldives 1796–1965
Manila and Cavite 1762–1764
Mesopotamia¹⁹ 1920–1932
Muscat and Oman 1891–1971
North Borneo 1882–1963
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
Padang 1781–1784 and 1795–1819
Palestine¹⁹ 1923–1948
Penang 1786–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1957
Pulo Condore 1702–1705
Sarawak 1841–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
^†Singapore 1946–1963
South Vietnam 1945–1946
Straits Settlements 1826–1946
Transjordan 1921–1946
Trucial States 1892–1971
Weihai 1898–1930

¹⁸Now^†India,^†Pakistan and^†Bangladesh
¹⁹League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by theAnglo-Iraqi Treaty
²⁶Legitimacy of territorial establishmentdisputed

North America

Anguilla since 1650
*Antigua 1632–1860
*Antigua and Barbuda 1860–1981
^†*Bahamas 1670–1973
^†Barbados 1624–1966
Bay Islands 1643–1860
^†*Belize 1871–1981
Bermuda since 1619
British Arctic Territories 16th c.–1880
British Columbia 1858–1866
- 1866–1871
Cape Breton Island 1754–1820
^†Dominica 1763–1978
East Florida 1763–1783
^†*Grenada 1762–1974
^†*Canada
- Lower 1791–1841
- Upper 1791–1841
- Province 1841–1867
- Dominion 1867–1931
Carolina 1663–1712
Cayman Islands since 1670
Columbia District/Oregon Country 1818–1846
Connecticut 1636–1776
Delaware 1701–1776
East Jersey 1674–1702
Georgia 1733–1776
^†*Jamaica 1655–1962
Leeward Islands 1671–1816, 1833–1960
Massachusetts Bay 1629–1691
- Province, 1691–1776
Maryland 1632–1776
Montserrat since 1632
Mosquito Coast 1655–1860
Nevis 1628–1983
New Albion 1579
New Brunswick 1784–1867
New England 1686–1689
New Hampshire 1680–1776
New Haven 1637–1662
New Jersey 1665–1674 and 1702–1776
New York 1664–1776
Newfoundland 1907–1949
Newfoundland and Labrador 1583–1907
North Carolina 1712–1776
North-Western Territory 1859–1870
Nova Scotia 1713–1867
Paulet affair 1843
Prince Edward Island 1763–1873
Pennsylvania 1681–1776
Plymouth 1620–1691
Quebec 1763–1791*Queen Charlotte Islands 1853–1863
Rhode Island 1636–1776
Rupert's Land 1670–1870
Saint Croix 1625–1650
Saint Kitts 1623–1983
^†*Saint Kitts and Nevis 1882–1983
^†*Saint Lucia 1605–1979
^†*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1627–1979
Saybrook 1635–1644
South Carolina 1712–1776
Stickeen 1862–1863
^†Trinidad and Tobago 1889–1962
Turks and Caicos Islands since 1799
Vancouver Island 1849–1866
Virgin Islands since 1666
Virginia 1607–1776
West Florida 1763–1783
West Indies Federation 1958–1962
- Associated States 1967–1983
West Jersey 1674–1702
Windward Islands 1833–1960

South America
Providence Island 1631–1641 Willoughbyland 1651–1667 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands⁴ 1670–1688 ^†Guiana 1831–1966
⁴Now adepartment ofColombia

Oceania

New South Wales 1788–1901
Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1803–1901
Auckland Islands²⁰ 1807–1863
New Hebrides²¹ 1824–1980
Queensland 1824–1901
Swan River/Western Australia 1829–1901
South Australia 1836–1901
Pitcairn Islands since 1838
New Zealand 1841–1907
North Australia 1846–1847
Victoria 1851–1901
^†Fiji 1874–1970
Western Pacific Territories 1877–1976
British New Guinea 1884–1902
Rarotonga/Cook Islands²⁰ 1888–1901
Union Islands²⁰ 1889–1948
Gilbert and Ellice Islands²² 1892–1979
^†*Solomon Islands 1893–1978
^†Tonga 1900–1970
Niue²⁰ 1900–1974
^†*Australia 1901–1942
^†*New Zealand 1907–1947
^†Samoa 1914–1962
^†Nauru 1919–1942 and 1945–1968

²⁰Now part of the^†Realm of New Zealand
²¹Now^†Vanuatu
²²Now^†Kiribati and^†*Tuvalu

Antarctica and the South Atlantic

Saint Helena²³ since 1658
Ascension Island²³ since 1815
Tristan da Cunha²³ since 1816
Falkland Islands⁵ since 1833
^†Australian Antarctic Territory(transferred to theCommonwealth of Australia) 1841–1933
^†Ross Dependency(transferred to theRealm of New Zealand) 1841–1947
British Antarctic Territory²⁴ since 1908
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands²⁵ since 1908

⁵Occupied by Argentina during theFalklands War of April–June 1982.
²³Since 2009 part ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
²⁴Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under theAntarctic Treaty.
²⁵Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985

Authority control databases
International	VIAF WorldCat
National	United States Israel
Other	Yale LUX

17°45′N62°55′W / 17.750°N 62.917°W /17.750; -62.917

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