Raffaella Maria Roberta Pelloni (18 June 1943 – 5 July 2021), known professionally asRaffaella Carrà (Italian:[raffaˈɛllakarˈra]) and sometimesmononymously asRaffaella, was an Italian singer, dancer, actress, television presenter and model.[1] She is often widely considered apop culture icon in Europe and Latin America,[2][3] between the 1970s and 1980s she became a pioneer offeminism andwomen's rights in the music and television industry,[4][5] as well as a music icon,LGBT icon and an iconof fashion and design.[6][7]
After her death, Carrà was honored with the Sorriso Diverso Venezia Award at the78th Venice International Film Festival for her contributions to the Italian music and show industry.[12]
Carrà was born on 18 June 1943 inBologna[13] to Raffaele Pelloni and Angela Iris Dell'Utri (of Sicilian ancestry) and had a brother named Enzo (died 2001).[14][15][16] Her parents, however, separated shortly after the wedding[17] and Carrà spent most of her childhood between her mother's bar and the ice cream shop inBellaria – Igea Marina.[18] At the latter establishment, she grew up watching the television programmeIl Musichiere, learning by heart titles, ballets, and refrains of the songs.[19]
When she was only eight years old, she left the Romagna Riviera to continue her studies directly inRome at the National Academy of Dance.[20] At the age of 14 she dropped out of ballet classes.[21] In 1952 she began her studies at theCentro Sperimentale di Cinematografia until she graduated in 1960.[21]
At the age of 9, while walking with her mother in Rome and through a family friend, she met the directorMario Bonnard who cast her in his filmTorment of the Past, in which she played the character of Graziella.[22][21]
On 3 March 1967, Carrà was broadcast on the National ProgrammeTutto per bene, a TV adaptation of the novel of the same name by Luigi Pirandello.[26]
In January 1968, she presented a special broadcast on the second national network, entitledTempo di samba. In June of the same year, she participated in the playProcesso di Famiglia,[25] byDiego Fabbri and, at the end of the following year, she starred inIl sorriso della gioconda.[24]
In the mid-1960s the directorDante Guardamagna gave her the pseudonym Carrà; fond of painting, he combined her real name, Raffaella, which reminded him of the painterRaphael Sanzio, with the surname of the painterCarlo Carrà.[29]
In 1970 Carrà participated as a guest actress in the programmeIo, Agata e tu [it] together withNino Ferrer.[21] Shortly after,Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI) hired her to presentCanzonissima 70, a Saturday night show in which she was also an actress and dancer.[21] She also presentedCanzonissima 71 andCanzonissima 74 in which she released her hit single "Ma che musica Maestro" which sold 200,000 - 250,000 copies in Italy.[30][31][32] In 1971, she participated alongsideGeorges Descrières in the French-produced television seriesArsenio Lupin, starring in the episode entitledLa donna dai due sorrisi.[33]In 1974 she hosted on RaiMilleluci together with singerMina Mazzini.[34]
After her success on the Italian market, in 1975 Carrà made her first appearance in Spain onTelevisión Española (TVE) when she performed in the variety show¡Señoras y señores! [es]; she subsequently released a compilation album with Spanish versions of her songs.[21] In 1976, TVE hired her to host four episodes of the variety showLa hora de... [es].[21]
During these years Carrà concentrated more on her singing career, achieving success in countries including Spain, Germany, France, Holland, Belgium, the UK, Greece, and in particular Latin American countries.[35] One of her most resounding successes was the songA far l'amore comincia tu, the English version of which reached ninth place in theUK Singles Chart, besides obtaining several gold and platinum records worldwide.[36]
In 1976 Carrà recorded the albumForte forte forte, which was released in 36 countries around the world, earning her a Gold certification in Canada.[37] The album was followed up in 1977 withFiesta, which features Eurodisco songs; the title track has been described as "symbol" of the soubrette.[38]
In 1978 Carrà was a guest on the Chilean programmeSábado gigante.[39] That year she released the song "Hay que venir al sur", the Spanish version of "Tanti auguri", and it was another of Carrà's greatest hits.[40]
In 1980 she starred in the filmBárbara, shot inArgentina and distributed for the South American market and which was her last feature film as a leading actress.[41] That same year she recorded the albumMi spendo tutto which features the song "Pedro", one of her biggest hits.[42]
In 1981 she presentedMillemilioni, which was the first experiment in international television cooperation: five specials, each filmed in a different capital:Buenos Aires,Mexico City,London, Rome andMoscow.[43]
In 1982 she presentedFantastico 3 alongsideCorrado,[44] and sang the opening theme song, "Ballo ballo", a song that would be the focus of some controversy, as accused by some of plagiarising "Eleanor Rigby" bythe Beatles.[45]
In February 1983, she was also a guest at theSanremo Music Festival 1983.[46] "Soli sulla luna" and "Ahi" written by Valsiglio - Pace – Depsa, are songs recorded specifically for the occasion, recorded – "in a hurry" – as stated by the same singer.[47]
From 1983 to 1985, Carrà presentedPronto, Raffaella?, the first midday programme on Rai that cemented her role as a presenter as the show became a success, with more than 14 million viewers tuning in to watch her interview ofMother Teresa of Calcutta.[21] Carrà also sang the theme song of the programme:Fatalità.[48]
The success ofPronto, Raffaella? won her the title of "Female TV Personality at European Level" in 1984, awarded by the European TV Magazines Association.[49] In 1984 she signed a two-year, multimillion-dollar contract with kitchen manufacturer Scavolini, with the slogan "the most loved by Italians".[50][51] That same year, the renewal of the contract with RAI was at the center of a heated controversy with the thenprime minister,Bettino Craxi, who called the amount that the conductor would have earned for an exclusive three years "immoral and scandalous".[51][52] During this time, Carrà released the albumsFatalità (1983) andBolero (1984).[53]
In the 1985–86 television season she was the presenter of the supershowBuonasera Raffaella, the first ten episodes of which were broadcast from Rome, while the last five were broadcast live from the studios of the Rai Corporation in New York and thanks to Rai International, visible throughout North and South America. Raffaella also interviewed and duetted with illustrious guests such asHenry Kissinger,Joe Cocker,Riccardo Cocciante,Patty Pravo,Stevie Wonder,Ginger Rogers andSammy Davis Jr. and sang the theme songs "Fidati!" and "Bellissimo". The opening and closing theme songs of the programme are contained in the albumFidati!, released in the same year. The programme put Carrà once again at the centre of controversy because of high production costs, especially for the episodes transmitted via satellite from the United States.[54][55]However, the transmission achieved great success, so much so as to arouse the interest of American televisions that invited Raffaella to the most famous talk shows of the time, interviewed byJohnny Carson,Ed Sullivan andDavid Letterman.[56][57][58]
In the 1986–87 season, Carrà presented the programme conceived by Corrado in 1976Domenica in, and sang both the opening theme song, "Curiosità", and the closing theme song, "Casa dolce casa". In November 1986, during a broadcast, Carrà reacted to an article published by the weekly scandal tabloidNovella 2000, threatening legal action against the newspaper, which had accused her of neglecting her dying mother.[59] Raffaella's mother in fact died in 1987. Raffaella paid tribute during another episode ofDomenica in, dedicating her song "I thank you life" to her.[60]
In 1987 she struck a deal withFininvest, with a multi-million dollar contract lasting two years. The first appearance on Canale 5 of Carrà dates back to 27 December 1987: on late evenings a special titledBenvenuta Raffaella was broadcast, and theRaffaella Carrà Show debuted shortly after on 9 January 1988. It was followed byIl principe azzurro, in the spring of 1989, which was the last programme presented by Carrà for Canale 5.[61]
Raffaella Carrà and Carlo Frisi atRicomincio da due in 1990
Once the experience at Fininvest was over, Carrà hosted the new programmeWeekend of Rafaella in which she appeared with a new mature look abandoning tights and bodysuits.[62] The programme had a sequel entitledRicomincio da due.[51]
In early January 1990, Carrà returned to Rai to host her new showRaffaella Venerdì, Sabato e Domenica... E saranno famosi.[51]
In June 1990, she co-hosted alongsideGigi Sabani, Ricardo Fernández Deu andMiriam Díaz Aroca,Cuando calienta el sol, a two-part Rai andTVE jointly produced variety show aired live fromSaint-Vincent in Italy andTossa de Mar in Spain and broadcast simultaneously to both countries.[63]
In May 1991, she presented theTelegatto awards with Corrado.[64]
Carlo Frisi and Raffaella Carrà atFantastico 12 in October 1991
Together withJohnny Dorelli, in 1991, she hosted the Saturday night showFantastico 12 on Rai 1, which, despite controversy caused byRoberto Benigni's appearance, obtained ratings below expectations.[65]
From 1992 to 1995 Carrà returned to TVE, conducting three seasons of¡Hola Raffaella!,[21] for which she won threeTP de Oro[51] and the early evening showA las 8 con Raffaella.[66] In the 1994–95 season, she moved to the Spanish counterpart ofFininvest,Telecinco, with the afternoon programmeEn casa con Raffaella.[66]
At the end of 1995 she returned to Rai 1 withCarràmba! Che sorpresa.[21] While in 1996 and from 1998 to 2000, she hostedCarràmba! Che sorpresa,Carrambà! Che fortuna,40 minuti con Raffaella,Centoventitré andI Fantastici di Raffaella.[67]
In 1997 she also participated as a protagonist in a four-part RAI miniseries entitledUna mamma per caso, directed by Sergio Martino, in which she played the role of a single journalist. It was her last appearance on a scripted TV series.[68] That year refused to host theSanremo Music Festival 1997.[47]
In 2000 she presented the Gran Premio Internazionale dello Spettacolo withPaolo Bonolis.[70]
The following year, alongsidePiero Chiambretti,Enrico Papi,Megan Gale andMassimo Ceccherini, she hosted the51st edition of theSanremo Music Festival, which did not see a great amount of success. Carrà herself acknowledged that she was wrong to opt for a format that was more musical than television.[71] After a break of about a year, Carrà returned to prime time on Rai 1 with the fourth edition ofCarràmba! Che sorpresa.[72] In 2004 she hosted the programmeSogni.[73]
On 19 December 2004 she co-hosted with Ramón García andLoles León the nine-hourstelethonContigo on TVE.[74] On 24 October 2005, she was invited toDiego Maradona's programmeLa Noche del 10 together withRobbie Williams.[75] In the spring of 2006, Carrà hosted on RaiAmore, a replica of TVE'sContigo. It was dedicated to long-distance adoptions and it achieved nearly 150,000 adoptions.[76]
Also in 2006, the actorFabio Canino [it], assisted byRoberto Mancinelli, dedicated her a book namedRaffabook. Più che un libro uno show del sabato sera.[77] Around the same time,Tiziano Ferro published in the albumNessuno è solo the songE Raffaella è mia, dedicated to Carrà, who participated in the videoclip of the song,[78] while the Spanish singerRoser recorded the albumRaffaella, a tribute with Carrà's greatest hits sung in Spanish.[79] In December 2006 she appeared at the gala for TVE's 50th Anniversary.[80]
On 30 November 2007Raffica was released, two CDs and a DVD which collated all the theme songs sung and danced by Raffaella throughout her career.[81]
Raffaella Carrà in 2008
In 2008 TVE called her for three programmes related to theEurovision Song Contest. The first was the selection process aired on 8 MarchSalvemos Eurovisión.[66] She also presented two special galas related to this festival.[66]
Shortly after, Carrà returned to Rai 1 to present a new edition ofCarràmba! Che fortuna that was rewarded by the auditel, with an average of 5,000,000 daily viewers and a maximum of 6,000,000.[82]
Subsequently, Carrà returned to Spain to host an episode of the Spanish version ofSaturday Night Live onCuatro in April 2009.[83]
Also in 2008 the bookMito in tre minuti by Antimo Verde was published, an artistic biography based on research work.[84] On 7 November of that yearRaffica – Balletti & Duetti was released, a second box set of two CDs and a DVD with a selection of television performances by Carrà.[85]
That same year Carrà hosted and producedIl Gran Concerto, a television programme in whichRAI National Symphony Orchestra performed pieces of classical music and opera.[86]
Raffaella Carrà inMadrid in 2017 together with the mayorManuela CarmenaCarrà in 2018
In 2010 she duetted with Renato Zero on the songTriangolo from his album Sei Zero. The two also shared the stage at Zero's concert, on 5 October of the same year.[49]
In 2011, after 13 years of absence, Italy returned to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, and Rai chose Carrà to host and comment from Italy on the final night of the event, as well as present the votes awarded by the jury and televoting.[66] In the summer of 2011 French DJBob Sinclar remixed her classic songA far l'amore comincia tu, which was retitledFar l'amore. This remix was later included byPaolo Sorrentino in the soundtrack of his Academy awarded filmThe Great Beauty.[87]
Later, together withNeri Marcorè, she starred in variousTIM commercials, playing QueenIsabella I of Castile.[88] In October 2011, for the fourth consecutive year, she was once again the producer of the Rai 3 television programmeIl Gran Concerto, hosted by Alessandro Greco.[89]
In January 2013, Carrà was meant to return, after ten years, to host the Saturday night show on Rai 1, but the programme, provisionally titledAuditorium was later cancelled.[91] In February 2013 she became one of the coaches, along with Noemi, Piero Pelù and Riccardo Cocciante, in the programmeThe Voice of Italy on Rai 2.[92]
On 16 July 2013 she released the dance singleReplay,[93] which was followed up by the albumReplay (The Album). The album was released on 19 November 2013, along with the second singleCha Cha Ciao, seventeen years after her previous studio album.[94][93]
That same year she appeared as herself in the movieColpi di fortuna directed byNeri Parenti.[95] In 2014 she participated again inThe Voice of Italy as a coach with Piero Pelù, Noemi and rapper J-Ax.[92]
In February of the same year she was a guest at the first evening of theSanremo Festival, where she performed a medley of songs from her latest album.[96]
In the 2014–15 television season she returned to Rai 1 with a new talent-show withJoaquín Cortés, calledForte forte forte.[97]
Starting from 24 February 2016 she returned as a coach in the Rai 2 programmeThe Voice of Italy with Emis Killa, Max Pezzali and Dolcenera; during the final episode she announced that she would leave the programme.[98][99] On 19 December 2016 she hosted60 años juntos, TVE's 60th Anniversary Gala.[100] In the summer of 2017 she became a music producer for one of her contestants, Samuel Pietrasanta.[21]
On 30 November 2018, the Christmas albumOgni volta che è Natale was released, Carrà's last release before her death.[101] The album features an unreleased track,Chi l'ha detto, which was sent to radios on 16 November and released on YouTube along with the music video on 23 November.[102] On late 2018 she returned to the television scene after two years of absence, as a guest ofFabio Fazio atChe tempo che fa[103] and byCarlo Conti atUn Natale d'Oro Zecchino.[104] In the spring of 2019 she returned to TV as the host of a programme of interviews with well-known personalities from show business, culture and sports, titledA raccontare comincia tu, broadcast in prime time on Thursdays on Rai 3 for six weeks, from 4 April to 9 May.[105] Following its success, the programme was confirmed with a new cycle of four episodes, aired from 24 October to 4 November.[106]
On 2 October 2020, the musical filmExplota Explota was released in Spanish cinemas,[107] it was directed by Uruguayan Nacho Álvarez, and it was based on Carrà's songs, she appears as a cameo.[108] Since 25 January 2021, the film has been available in the Italian version (with the titleBallo Ballo) on theAmazon Prime digital platform.[109] The film was nominated for threeGoya Awards and threeFeroz Awards.[110]
On 5 July 2021, after Carrà's death, RAI director Stefano Coletta revealed on television that there were plans to ask Carrà to present theEurovision Song Contest 2022 and the Sanremo Festival that same year.[111]
A three-episode docuseries about Carrà, titledRaffa, was released in 2023.[112][113][114]
Commemorative plaque of Raffaella Carrà in the church of the municipal cemetery ofPorto Santo Stefano
Carrà had a ten-year relationship with the television and radio presenterGianni Boncompagni who was also the lyricist of her greatest musical hits.[115] She later metSergio Japino [it], who was 9 years younger than her and at that time was the choreographer in two of her programmes:Pronto, Raffaella? andFantastico 3.[44] Although they separated in the 1990s, they maintained a good personal and professional relationship to such an extent that it was he who announced Carrà's death in 2021.[44] Previously, she had other romantic relationships with singerLittle Tony whom she met in 1961 during the filming of the movie5 marines per 100 ragazze,[116] withJuventus footballerGino Stacchini (which lasted eight years) and was also courted by Frank Sinatra, with whom she shared the set of the filmVon Ryan's Express in 1965, but she rejected his flirting.[117]
Carrà never married, stating that she "did not believe" in marriage. She did not have children, although she wanted to; when she tried to have children, her doctor told her that she would not be able to.[117] Instead, she decided to adopt several children from around the world from a distance.[118]
Raffaella Carrà was very attached toMonte Argentario[119] inTuscany, where she lived for many years. Her villa in Cala Piccola was a source of inspiration for many of her broadcasts, even for the title of the TV programmeCarràmba! Che sorpresa.[120] She was a big fan of football team Juventus.[19]
Carrà died in Rome on 5 July 2021, at the age of 78,[121][122] fromlung cancer.[123] Two days later, the funeral procession was held from her home, passing through RAI's central studios, the Foro Italico and Teatro delle Vittorie to reach theCapitolium, where the mortuary chapel was set up at Rome's City Hall.[124] Carrà's ashes, after being cremated according to her expressed will, were taken to the places most dear to the artist, includingPorto Santo Stefano andSan Giovanni Rotondo, in theSanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina.[119] Her ashes are preserved in the church of the municipal cemetery of Porto Santo Stefano.[125][126]
Vogue España defined the artist an "intergenerational phenomenon, social and cultural in scope, destined to be remembered forever",[5] whileThe Guardian considered her the "pop star who taught Europe the joy of sex" in Catholic bigotry.[4]Rockol described Carrà as "a figure that has gradually become a pagan idol, scandalous and desired, capable of sending coded messages to queer people in Italy and at the same time consoling and keeping housewives company while they prepare lunch."[127]
On 13 November 1971, while hostingCanzonissima, Carrà performed her new single "Tuca tuca" wearing a top which showed her navel; she was the first woman to show it on Italian public television, at a time in which it was unusual for women to show their bodies. This event caused controversy in the conservative TV network RAI and was called "too provocative" by theVatican newspaperL'Osservatore Romano.[129][130]
In Spanish television, Carrà is considered among the pioneers of freedom of expression after theFranco dictatorship, as the artist appeared on television schedules in 1976, a year afterFrancisco Franco's death.[131][132]
Carrà's style and stage presence were praised by liberal critics in the 70s and 80s, becoming a fashion icon over the years.[133][134][135] The distinctive feature that made Carrà iconic was her platinum bob cut.[136][137]
Vogue Espana defined Carrà's outfits as "visionary" and "controlled transgression" by the time she wore them, as a "new expressive shapes that were openly opposed to the established canons of patriarchal rulership, in a heretofore unthinkable kind of cathodic empowerment".[5]
Carrà revealed in a 1977 interview that she was acommunist. She said: "I always vote communist. On a struggle between workers and businessmen, I'll always be on the workers' side."[140]
In "Midnight", the tenth episode of the fourth series ofDoctor Who, a monitor transmitting entertainment programmes shows travellers a videoclip of Raffaella Carrà singing the song "Do it, do it again". Later in the same episode the audio track from the same videoclip can be heard in the background.[citation needed]
In the British documentary "Television" on the fiftieth anniversary of theBBC, a song from one of Raffaella Carrà's shows acts as an example for new generation's morning shows.
In the third episode of season one ofDrag Race Italia, a spin-off of theRuPaul's Drag Race franchise, the contestants performed in a musical number dedicated to Raffaella Carrà, featuring a song written byStefano Magnanensi [it], and modeled looks inspired by her most iconic outfits.
This would later be followed by a Night of 1000 Raffaella's runway on the seventh episode of thesecond season ofDrag Race España.
^"Come vanno le vendite".Corriere Della Sera. 9 January 1971. Retrieved30 August 2023.Ecco come vanno le vendite dei dischi di Canzonissima: "Vent'anni" di Ranieri e a quota 350 mila dischi venduti in una settimana, "Fiume amaro" cantata da Iva Znnichi ha venduto oltre 300 mila copie, e Morandi con "Capriccio' e piu o meno allo stesso livello, Benissimo vanno anche Ornella Vanoni con "L'appuntamento" e patty Praco con "Tutt'al piu" Senza dimenticare che "Ma che musica maestro" nella interpretazione di Raffaella Carra e sulle 250 mila copie.