| Rabo de arraia | |
|---|---|
 Rabo de arraia & negativa. | |
| Name | Rabo de arraia |
| Meaning | stingray tail |
| Type | kick |
| Parent style | capoeira Angola |
| Parent technique | engolookuminunina kick |
| Child technique(s) |
|
| Escapes | esquiva,negativa |
Rabo de arraia (lit.stingray's tail) is a parent technique incapoeira for inverted kicks over the head, resembling thestingray's strike. This parent term includes following major techniques:
In Brazil, therabo-de-arraia is probably the kick "most associated with capoeira", although it's important to note that this term encompasses a range of distinct movements.[3]
All techniques taught to children begin from initial "rabo de arraia" crouching position.
Although the term "rabo de arraia" is mostly used as a generic term, some authors use it for specific child techniques, such as:
Though specific movements known asrabo de arraia (meia lua de compasso and scorpion kick) were originally developed in the African martial artn'golo.[6] Inverted positions, which form the basis of all these techniques, are believed to have originated from the use ofhandstand byBantushamans imitating their ancestors, who walked on their hands in the spirit world.[7]
In engolo, the class of spinning kicks with hands on ground is calledokuminunina orokusanene komima inBantu.[6]
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In the 19th century, the "rabo de arraia" was a popular kick in Rio'scapoeira carioca.[8]
In1909, there was a famous match when a capoeiristaFrancisco da Silva Ciríaco defeated a Japanesejujitsu championSada Miyako with therabo de arraia kick.[6] Japanese martial arts champions visiting Brazil frequently challenged locals to free-style contests. In 1909, a Japanese champion teaching ju-jitsu in Rio was challenged by Ciríaco da Silva, a black docker from Campos. The match drew a sizable crowd in a specially erected pavilion on Avenida Central.[9] After the victory, Ciríaco was carried out on the shoulders after the match and hailed as a national hero in Rio.[6]
Although it is often interpreted that he used ameia lua de compasso, according toAnibal Burlamaqui, Ciríaco used a differentrabo de arraia technique known as thescorpion today.[10]
Pantana (swamp) orescorpião (scorpion), originally known asrabo de arraia (stingray's tail), is a distinct invertedkick over the head, resembling thestingray's orscorpion strike.
This is one of the most dangerouscapoeira technique, both for the player who executes it and for the one who receives it.[11] If executed properly, it can have fatal consequences for the opponent.[11]
Thisrabo de arraia is very oldcapoeira technique, which was very popular incapoeira carioca[2] andcapoeira Angola.[3]
Rabo de arraia ormeia-lua de compasso (compass crescent) is a distinct technique found in themartial arts ofengolo andcapoeira, that combines an evasive maneuver with a reversekick.
It is considered one of the most powerful and efficient capoeirakicks and one of its most iconic movements along with therasteira.[12] It is even considered that a capoeirista's general skill level can be determined on how hard and fast they are able to execute a meia-lua de compasso.[12]
The kick is done with the heel.[12]
Patana de lado (side swamp) is a side version version ofpatana orrabo de arraia kick. The capoeirista starts from initial "rabo de arraia" crouching position, then enters a movement similar to acartwheel, and then at the exit kicks the opponent with both feet.[13]
Thepantana de lado kick is no longer commonly used by its original name in modern capoeira. The modern kick similar to it ismeia-lua de compasso dupla.
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