Qarshi Karshi, Карши | |
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  Qarshi Location in Uzbekistan | |
| Coordinates:38°52′N65°48′E / 38.867°N 65.800°E /38.867; 65.800 | |
| Country |  Uzbekistan |
| Region | Qashqadaryo Region |
| Inception | 1926 |
| Area | |
• Total | 75.92 km2 (29.31 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 374 m (1,227 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Total | 278,300 |
| • Density | 3,666/km2 (9,494/sq mi) |
| Area code | (+998) 75 |
Qarshi (/kɑːrˈʃiː/kar-SHEE;Uzbek:[qarˈʃɨ]) is a city in southernUzbekistan. It is the capital ofQashqadaryo Region. Administratively, Qarshi is a district-level city, that includes theurban-type settlementQashqadaryo.[2] It has a population of 278,300 (2021 estimate).[1] It is about 520 km south-southwest ofTashkent, and about 335 km north of Uzbekistan's border withAfghanistan. It is located at latitude 38° 51' 48N; longitude 65° 47' 52E at an altitude of 374 meters. The city is important innatural gas production, but Qarshi is also famous for its production of woven flatcarpets.
Originally theSogdian city ofNakhshab (which could be possibly namedEucratideia during the rule ofGreco-Bactrian Kingdom[3]), and theIslamic Uzbek (Turkic) city ofNasaf, and theChagatay city ofQarshi (pronouncedKharsh), Qarshi was the second city of theEmirate of Bukhara. It is in the center of a fertileoasis that produceswheat,cotton, andsilk and was a stop on the 11-daycaravan route betweenBalkh andBukhara. The MongolChagataid khansKebek andQazan built palaces here on the site ofChinggis Khaan's summer pasture.[4] In 1364,Timur also built a fortified palace with moats in what is now the southern part of the city. The modern name "Qarshi" means fort.
Qarshi developed steadily from the 14th century. During the Sheyban dynasty the town grew violently (16th century). It was the second largest town of Bukhara Khanate in the 18th century. During these centuries much of the city's magnificent architectural monuments were built.[1]Archived 2021-10-15 at theWayback Machine[5] With the decline ofShahrisabz in the 18th century, Qarshi grew in importance, and was the seat of the Crown Prince to the Emirate of Bukhara. The city had a double set of walls, 10caravanserais and 4madrassahs during this time. By 1868, theRussians had annexed theZarafshan Valley, and in 1873, the treaty turning Bukhara into a Russianprotectorate was signed in Qarshi, much to the dismay of the Emir's son, Abdul Malik, who took to the hills in rebellion.
In the early 1970s, the first section of a majorirrigation project was completed to divert water from theAmu Darya River inTurkmenistan eastward into Uzbekistan in order to irrigate the land surrounding Qarshi. Almost all of these irrigated lands around Qarshi are planted withcotton.
Köppen climate classification system classifies its climate ascold semi-arid (BSk).[8]
| Climate data for Qarshi (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.9 (64.2) | 24.6 (76.3) | 31.3 (88.3) | 36.7 (98.1) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.6 (97.9) | 31.4 (88.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.5 (50.9) | 24.1 (75.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) | 5.6 (42.1) | 11.2 (52.2) | 17.4 (63.3) | 23.6 (74.5) | 28.8 (83.8) | 30.5 (86.9) | 28.1 (82.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 15.8 (60.4) | 9.2 (48.6) | 4.5 (40.1) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) | 1.0 (33.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 11.3 (52.3) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 19.9 (67.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 8.6 (47.5) | 3.8 (38.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | 10.4 (50.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 35.7 (1.41) | 42.1 (1.66) | 46.5 (1.83) | 34.8 (1.37) | 18.8 (0.74) | 1.6 (0.06) | 0.6 (0.02) | 0.2 (0.01) | 1.1 (0.04) | 4.7 (0.19) | 24.4 (0.96) | 27.2 (1.07) | 237.7 (9.36) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 11 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 76 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 79 | 74 | 72 | 64 | 48 | 33 | 30 | 33 | 38 | 48 | 62 | 78 | 66 |
| Source 1:NOAA[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity)[10] | |||||||||||||
Agas-to-liquids (GTL) plant, located 40 km south of Qarshi, is under construction. This plant will be based onSasol’s GTL technology and will have a capacity of 1.4 million metric tons per year, with following product slate: GTL diesel, kerosene, naphtha and liquid petroleum gas. The total cost of the project is around $4 billion and it is the first such a high-tech plant on the Eurasian continent. The joint project GTL Uzbekistan, where Sasol and Uzbekistan's state oil companyUzbekneftgas each hold 44.5% interest, and the rest 11% belonging to MalaysianPetronas, was founded in 2009. The plant will be built on the basis of the Shurtan gas and chemical complex.[11]
Qarshi is home toFC Nasaf which was founded in 1986. Nasaf plays its home matches at theMarkaziy Stadium, built in 2006.
Capital:Qarshi | ||
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