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Propliopithecus

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Extinct genus of primates

Propliopithecus Temporal range:Paleogene–Neogene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Propliopithecus haeckeli
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Superfamily:	†Propliopithecoidea
Family:	†Propliopithecidae
Genus:	†Propliopithecus Schlosser,1910
Type species
†Propliopithecus haeckeli Schlosser 1911
Species
†Propliopithecus ankeliSimons et al. 1987 †Propliopithecus chirobatesSimons 1965 †Propliopithecus haeckeliSchlosser 1911
Synonyms^[1]
†AeolopithecusSimons 1965 †MoeripithecusSchlosser 1910

Propliopithecus is anextinct genus ofprimate.

The 40 cm (1 ft 4 in) long creature resembled today'sgibbons. Itseyes faced forwards, giving itstereoscopic vision.Propliopithecus was most likely anomnivore. It is possible thatPropliopithecus is the same creature asAegyptopithecus. If that would be the case the namePropliopithecus would take precedence overAegyptopithecus according toICZN rules, because it was coined earlier.^[2]

Human-like dental features

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Propliopithecus had smallcanine teeth, lacked spaces to fit the canine teeth of the other jaw into, and had molars very similar to those ofAustralopithecus. These features setPropliopithecus apart fromAegyptopithecus, which had big canine teeth along with other more normal simian dental features.^[3]^[4]

Palaeobiology

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Palaeoecology

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The low rates of tooth chipping inPropliopithecus suggests that it did not regularly consume hard foods. Multiple instances ofdental caries are known fromP. chirobates, suggesting it ate a diet of soft and sweetfruits.^[5]

References

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^"†Propliopithecus Schlosser 1911 (monkey)".FossilWorks. Retrieved20 February 2019.
^Palmer, Douglas (1999).The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric animals. London: Marshall Editions Developments Ltd.ISBN 978-3-8290-6747-8.
^Yves Coppens: Ape, Africa and Man
^Bjorn Kurten: The age of mammals
^Towle, Ian; Borths, Matthew Robert; Loch, Carolina (13 December 2023)."Tooth chipping patterns and dental caries suggest a soft fruit diet in early anthropoids".American Journal of Biological Anthropology.183 (2).doi:10.1002/ajpa.24884.ISSN 2692-7691. Retrieved17 January 2026 – via Wiley Online Library.

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Propliopithecus	Wikidata:Q2359124 Wikispecies:Propliopithecus GBIF:4827095 IRMNG:1029102 Open Tree of Life:4941649 Paleobiology Database:40888

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