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Welcome to theSingaporePortal

Singapore, officially theRepublic of Singapore, is anisland country andcity-state inSoutheast Asia. Its territory comprisesone main island,63 satellite islands and islets, andone outlying islet. The country is about onedegree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of theequator, off the southern tip of theMalay Peninsula, bordering theStrait of Malacca to the west, theSingapore Strait to the south along with theRiau Islands inIndonesia, theSouth China Sea to the east and theStraits of Johor along with theState of Johor inMalaysia to the north.

Inits early history, Singapore was a maritimeemporium known asTemasek; subsequently, it was a major constituent of several successivethalassocratic empires. Its contemporary era began in 1819, whenStamford Raffles established Singapore as anentrepôt trading post of theBritish Empire. In 1867, Singapore came under direct British control as part of theStraits Settlements. DuringWorld War II, Singapore wasoccupied by Japan in 1942 and returned to Britain as aCrown colony followingJapan's surrender in 1945. Singapore gainedself-governance in 1959 and in1963 became part of the new federation ofMalaysia, alongsideMalaya,North Borneo andSarawak.Ideological differences led to Singapore's expulsion from the federation two years later; it became an independentsovereign country in 1965. After early years ofturbulence and despite lacking natural resources and ahinterland, the nation rapidly developed to become one of theFour Asian Tigers.

As a highlydeveloped country, Singapore has thehighest PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in the world and is the only country in Asia with a AAAsovereign credit rating fromall major rating agencies. Identified as atax haven, it is a majoraviation,financial andmaritime shipping hub and has consistently been ranked as one of themost expensive cities forexpatriates andforeign workers. Singapore ranks highly in key social indicators:education,healthcare,housing,peacefulness,passport strength,personal safety andinfrastructure, with a highhome-ownership rate.Singaporeans enjoy one of thelongest life expectancies,fastest Internet connection speeds,lowest infant mortality rates andlowest levels of corruption in the world. Singapore isorganised into fiveregions, 55planning areas and hundreds ofsubzones. It has thethird highest population density of any country, although there are numerous green and recreational spaces as a result ofurban planning. With a multicultural population and in recognition of the cultural identities of the country's major ethnic groups, Singapore has fourofficial languages:English,Malay,Mandarin andTamil. English is thecommon language, with exclusive use in numerouspublic services.Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shapenational policies.

Singapore is aparliamentary republic and its legal system is based oncommon law. While it isconstitutionally amulti-party democracy wherefree elections are regularly held, it functions as ade factoone-party state, with thePeople's Action Party (PAP) maintaining continuous political dominance since1959. The PAP's longstanding control has resulted in limitedpolitical pluralism and a highly centralised governance structure over national institutions. One of the five founding members ofASEAN, Singapore is also the headquarters of theAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat, thePacific Economic Cooperation Council Secretariat and is the host city of manyinternational conferences and events. Singapore is also a member of theUnited Nations, theWorld Trade Organization, theEast Asia Summit, theNon-Aligned Movement and theCommonwealth of Nations. (Full article...)

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The history of the modern state ofSingapore dates back to its founding in the early 19th century; however, evidence suggests that a significant trading settlement existed on theisland in the 14th century. The last ruler of theKingdom of Singapura,Parameswara, was expelled by theMajapahit or theSiamese before he foundedMalacca. Singapore then came under theMalacca Sultanate and subsequently theJohor Sultanate. In 1819, British statesmanStamford Raffles negotiated a treaty whereby Johor would allow the British to locate a trading port on the island, ultimately leading to the establishment of theCrown colony of Singapore in 1867. Important reasons for the rise of Singapore were its nodal position at the tip of the Malay Peninsula flanked by the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the presence of a natural sheltered harbour, as well as its status as a free port.

DuringWorld War II, Singapore was invaded and occupied by theJapanese Empire from 1942 to 1945. When the Japanese surrendered, Singapore reverted to British control, with increasing levels ofself-government being granted, resulting inSingapore's merger with theFederation of Malaya to formMalaysia in 1963. However, social unrest, racial tensions, and political differences between Singapore's governingPeople's Action Party (PAP) and Malaysia'sAlliance Party resulted inSingapore's expulsion from Malaysia. Singapore became an independent republic on 9 August 1965.

By the 1990s, the country had established a highlydeveloped free market economy and stronginternational trading links. It now has the highestper capita gross domestic product in Asia, which is 7th in the world, and it is ranked 9th on the UNHuman Development Index. (Full article...)

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Credit:Huaiwei (9 August 2004)

TheTanglin Police Division (or 'E' Division,Chinese: 东陵警区) is apolice division of theSingapore Police Force. It manages a varied, highly urbanised area of central Singapore, which includes the public housing towns ofBishan,Toa Payoh and parts ofKallang, large areas of private housing areas such as those inBukit Timah andNovena, as well as key commercial areas such asOrchard Road andClarke Quay.Read more...

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General images

The following are images from various Singapore-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 11955 stamp with the portrait ofQueen Elizabeth II (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 2Upper Seletar Reservoir (fromGeography of Singapore)
Image 3The country celebrates itsNational Day on 9 August each year. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 4Mass Rapid Transit (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 5Enlargeable, detailed map of Singapore (fromGeography of Singapore)
Image 6Sign board with warnings in Singapore's four main languages: English, Chinese,Malay andTamil (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 71890 German map of Singapore (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 8Shophouses in Singapore (fromSingaporeans)
Image 9A hawker centre inLavender, Singapore (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 10St Andrew's Cathedral (fromSingaporeans)
Image 11Deepavali decorations in Singapore. (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 12Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 13TheSultan Mosque, built in 1826 in theKampong Glam district, is the oldest and one of the largest mosque in Singapore. (fromSingaporeans)
Image 14ThePlan of the Town of Singapore, or more commonly known as theJackson Plan orRaffles Town Plan. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 15TheJurong Industrial Estate was developed in the 1960s to industrialise the economy. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 16The old and the new Singapore as seen from an alley behind Boat Quay (2023) (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 17Traffic in Singapore, 1981. Prior to the introduction of theCertificate of Entitlement (COE) in 1990, vehicles per capita in Singapore was the highest inASEAN. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 18Afternoonthunderstorms are a frequent occurrence in Singapore, which has anequatorial climate. (fromGeography of Singapore)
Image 19A fragment of theSingapore Stone, inscribed with anIndic script, c. 10th to 13th century. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 20Portrait of Stamford Raffles byGeorge Francis Joseph, 1817 (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 21Baedeker map of the city and environs, c. 1914
Image 22Lieutenant-GeneralArthur Percival, led by a Japanese officer, marches under a flag of truce to negotiate the capitulation of Allied forces in Singapore, on 15 February 1942. It was the largest surrender of British-led forces in history. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 23TheThian Hock Keng, completed in 1842, served as a place of worship for early immigrants. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 24The Marina Bay Sands integrated resort. Opened in 2010, it has become a key feature of Singapore's modern skyline. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 25Restoredshophouses running along a street in Chinatown, which reflects theVictorian architecture of buildings built in Singapore during the earlier colonial period, with styles such as thepainted ladies. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 26A statue of Raffles byThomas Woolner now stands in Singapore, near Raffles's landing site in 1819. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 27Centre square of Raffles Place (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 28Singapore's urban geography is often characterised by extensive use ofHDB flats, which the majority of citizens reside in. (fromGeography of Singapore)
Image 29The Supertree Grove atGardens by the Bay (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 30View of Bukit Batok Estate. Large scale public housing development has created high housing ownership among the population. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 31Chinese community in Singapore carrying theFlag of the Republic of China (writtenLong live the motherland) to celebrate the victory, also reflected the Chinese identity issues at that time. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 32Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum (fromSingaporeans)
Image 33A busy Victoria Dock, Tanjong Pagar, in the 1890s. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 34Japanese POWs are taken to work where they were made to clear up the city during the British reoccupation in September 1945
Image 35Jurong Industrial Estate, Singapore, with Jurong Island in the background (fromGeography of Singapore)
Image 36Old Supreme Court of Singapore (fromCulture of Singapore)
Image 37Hainanese chicken rice (fromSingaporeans)
Image 38Fireworks over the Marina Bay skyline following the conclusion of the 2015 National Day Parade on 9 August 2015. (fromHistory of Singapore)
Image 39Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall (fromSingaporeans)
Image 40Men ofChinese,Malay, andIndian ethnicities gather at a street corner in Singapore, circa 1900. (fromSingaporeans)
Image 41Quadrilingual sign forParliament House (fromSingaporeans)
Image 42TheMao Kun map fromWubei Zhi which is based on the early 15th century maps ofZheng He showing Temasek (淡馬錫) at the top left, and Long Ya Men (龍牙門) on the right panel. (fromHistory of Singapore)

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Walter Woon Cheong MingSC (born 12 September 1956) is a Singaporean lawyer who served as the fifthattorney-general of Singapore between 2008 and 2010. He is currently an Emeritus Professor at theNational University of Singapore Faculty of Law, Lee Kong Chian Visiting professor at the Singapore Management University Yong Pung How School of Law, and the dean of the RHT Legal Training Institute.

A lawyer by profession, Woon specialises incompany law andsecurities regulation. Having graduated from theNational University of Singapore andSt. John's College,Cambridge, Woon joined the teaching staff of theNational University of Singapore Faculty of Law in 1981 and subsequently served as Sub-Dean and Vice-Dean. He was appointed Professor of Law in 1999. He had also served as the legal adviser to thepresident of Singapore and the Council of Presidential Advisers between 1995 and 1997. (Full article...)

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Did you know(auto-generated)

... thatTropicana was reportedly the first building in Singapore to contain nightclubs, restaurants, and a theatre?
... thatSun Haiyan is the firstChinese ambassador to Singapore who was not a member of theForeign Ministry of China?
... thatKoh Sok Hiong, a former first lady of Singapore, wrote a cookbook compiling more than 200 of herPeranakan recipes?
... that eight cardboard white elephants were put up as a form of public protest to lobby for the opening ofBuangkok MRT station in Singapore?
... that Singaporean chef and restaurateurTan Kue Kim cooked while wearing aS$40,000 goldRolex watch?
... thata train station in Singapore features an artwork with different types of chairs in a family tree?

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In this month

2 February 1963:Operation Coldstore takes place. At least 111 anti-government left-wing activists were arrested and detained, including key members of theBarisan Sosialis.
8 February 1819:Sir Stamford Raffles signs a treaty withSultan Hussein of Johor, thus marking thefounding of modern Singapore.
15–25 February 1915: TheSingapore Mutiny occurs as British Indiansepoys rose up against the British.
15 February 1942: TheFall of Singapore to the Japanese duringWorld War II. This was described byWinston Churchill as the "worst disaster" and "largest capitulation" in British history.
21 February 2008: TheInternational Olympic Committee awards the hosting rights to the inauguralYouth Olympic Games to Singapore.

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photo of a Singapore Coat of Arms — The coat of arms of Singapore

... that thetiger in theCoat of arms of Singapore(pictured) representsMalaysia?

... that during theJapanese Occupation of Singapore theKempeitai East District Branch was the site of interrogation and torture of manycivilians and that later the building housed theYMCA?

... thatChoa Chu Kang Community Library was the firstlibrary in Singapore to install self-check machines for borrowing and returning of books?

... that the late SingaporeanSenior Minister of State forForeign AffairsBalaji Sadasivan became aneurosurgeon after seeing the effects ofMinamata disease inMinamata,Japan, as a medical student?

... that 159 soldiers of theMalay Regiment fought against a 13,000-strongJapanese force to defend a hill position in Singapore’sKent Ridge Park?

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Selected panorama

Credit:Chensiyuan (11 May 2012)

A night time view ofBishan Park after its renovation under the Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme.

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Singapore topics

Communitarianism Caning Crime Driving Disability Women Education Demographics Eat Frozen Pork Five Cs Health Long hair in Singapore National Courtesy Campaign Singapore Marathon National Day Parade No U-turn syndrome OB marker Population planning Prostitution Public housing Public holidays Sex trafficking Smoking Social fund Water supply and sanitation
Culture	Art Architecture Cinema Cuisine Dance Gambling Languages Singapore English LGBT culture history Literature Mass media Music Religion Sports Singaporeans
Symbols	Anthem Coat of arms Flag Flower Lion head Merlion Pledge

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Tasks

Check for latest announcements and updates at theWikiProject Singapore
Make yourself known as aSingaporean Wikipedian
Create or improve on the articles listed in theto do list
Share with us your level of proficiency inSinglish by putting one of the 4 SinglishBabel tags (1 2 3 4) onto your user page
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