Nihonium was first reported to have been created in experiments carried out between 14 July and 10 August 2003, by a Russian–American collaboration at theJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) inDubna, Russia, working in collaboration with theLawrence Livermore National Laboratory inLivermore, California, and on 23 July 2004, by a team of Japanese scientists atRiken inWakō, Japan. The confirmation of their claims in the ensuing years involved independent teams of scientists working in theUnited States,Germany,Sweden, andChina, as well as the original claimants in Russia and Japan. In 2015, theIUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party recognised the element and assigned thepriority of the discovery and naming rights for the element to Riken. The Riken team suggested the namenihonium in 2016, which was approved in the same year. The name comes from the common Japanese name for Japan (日本,Nihon). (Full article...)
Image 2
Launch ofIzmail in 1915
TheBorodino-class battlecruisers (Russian:Линейные крейсера типа «Измаил») were a group of fourbattlecruisers ordered by theImperial Russian Navy beforeWorld War I. Also referred to as theIzmail class, they werelaid down in late 1912 atSaint Petersburg for service with theBaltic Fleet. Construction of the ships was delayed by a lack of capacity among domestic factories and the need to order some components from abroad. The start of World War I slowed their construction still further, as the imported components were often not delivered and domestic production was diverted into areas more immediately useful forthe war effort.
Three of the four ships werelaunched in 1915 and the fourth in 1916. Work on thegun turrets lagged, and it became evident that Russian industry would not be able to complete the ships during the war. TheRussian Revolution of 1917 halted all work on the ships, which was never resumed. Although some consideration was given to finishing the hulls that were nearest to completion, the three furthest from completion were sold forscrap by theSoviet Union during the early 1920s. TheSoviet Navy proposed to convertIzmail, the ship closest to completion, to anaircraft carrier in 1925, but the plan was cancelled after political manoeuvring by theRed Army cut funding and she was eventually scrapped in 1931. (Full article...)
Image 3
Bezhin Meadow (Бежин луг,Bezhin lug) is a 1937Soviet propaganda film, famous for having been suppressed and believed destroyed before its completion. Directed bySergei Eisenstein, it tells the story of a young farm boy whose father attempts to betray the government for political reasons by sabotaging the year's harvest and the son's efforts to stop his own father to protect the Soviet state, culminating in the boy's murder and a social uprising. The film draws its title from a story byIvan Turgenev, but is based on the (largely fabricated) life story ofPavlik Morozov, a young Russian boy who became a politicalmartyr following his death in 1932, after he supposedly denounced his father to Soviet government authorities and subsequently died at the hands of his family. Pavlik Morozov was immortalized in school programs, poetry, music, and film.
Commissioned by acommunist youth group, the film's production ran from 1935 to 1937, until it was halted by the central Soviet government, which said it contained artistic, social, and political failures. Some, however, blamed the failure ofBezhin Meadow on government interference and policies, extending all the way toJoseph Stalin himself. In the wake of the film's failure, Eisenstein publicly recanted his work as an error. Individuals were arrested during and after the ensuing debacle. (Full article...)
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil servant as there was little opportunity for a musical career in Russia at the time and no public music education system. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he entered the nascentSaint Petersburg Conservatory, from which he graduated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching Tchaikovsky received there set him apart from composers of the contemporarynationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers ofThe Five, with whom hisprofessional relationship was mixed. (Full article...)
Image 5
1876 portrait
Anna Pavlovna Filosofova (Russian:Анна Павловна Философова;néeDiaghileva; 5April 1837 – 17March 1912) was a Russian feminist and activist of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Born into a wealthy, noble family, she marriedVladimir Filosofov [ru] and they had six children. Initially concerned with the plight ofserfs, Filosofova became a feminist in the late 1850s after joining thesalon ofMaria Trubnikova, who educated her on the subject. Alongside Trubnikova andNadezhda Stasova, Filosofova was one of the earliest leaders of theRussian women's movement. Together, the three friends and allies were referred to as the "triumvirate". They founded and led several charitable organizations designed to promote women's cultural and economic independence, such as the Society for Cheap Lodgings and Other Benefits for the Citizens of St. Petersburg. Filosofova served as the president of that organization for several years. (Full article...)
Image 6
Marshal Mortier at the battle of Durenstein in 1805, by Auguste Sandoz
TheBattle of Dürenstein (German:Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein) or theBattle of Krems (Russian:Сражение при Кремсе), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in theNapoleonic Wars during theWar of the Third Coalition. Dürenstein (modernDürnstein),Austria, is located in theWachau valley, on the riverDanube, 73 kilometers (45 mi) upstream fromVienna, Austria. The river makes a crescent-shaped curve between Dürnstein and nearbyKrems an der Donau, and the battle was fought in the flood plain between the river and the mountains.
At Dürenstein, a combined force ofRussian andAustrian troops trapped aFrench division commanded byThéodore Maxime Gazan. The French division was part of the newly createdVIII Corps, the so-calledCorps Mortier, under command ofÉdouard Mortier. In pursuing the Austrian retreat fromBavaria, Mortier had over-extended his three divisions along the north bank of the Danube.Mikhail Kutuzov, commander of the Coalition force, enticed Mortier to send Gazan's division into a trap and French troops were caught in a valley between two Russian columns. They were rescued by the timely arrival of a second division, under command ofPierre Dupont de l'Étang. The battle extended well into the night, after which both sides claimed victory. The French lost more than a third of their participants, and Gazan's division experienced over 40 percent losses. The Austrians and Russians also had heavy losses—close to 16 percent—but perhaps the most significant was the death in action ofJohann Heinrich von Schmitt, one of Austria's most capable chiefs of staff. (Full article...)
Born and raised in Georgia, in theRussian Empire, Ordzhonikidze joined the Bolsheviks at an early age and quickly rose within the ranks to become an important figure within the group. Arrested and imprisoned several times by theRussian police, he was in Siberian exile when theFebruary Revolution began in 1917. Returning from exile, Ordzhonikidze took part in theOctober Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power. During the subsequentCivil War he played an active role as the leading Bolshevik in the Caucasus, overseeing the invasions ofAzerbaijan,Armenia, andGeorgia. He backed their union into theTranscaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR), which helped form theSoviet Union in 1922 and served as theFirst Secretary of the TSFSR until 1926. (Full article...)
Image 9
Nadezhda Sergeyevna Alliluyeva (Russian:Надежда Сергеевна Аллилуева; 22 September [O.S. 9 September] 1901 – 9 November 1932) was the second wife ofJoseph Stalin. She was born inBaku to a friend of Stalin, a fellow revolutionary, and was raised inSaint Petersburg. Having known Stalin from a young age, they married when she was 18, and had two children. Alliluyeva worked as a secretary forBolshevik leaders, includingVladimir Lenin and Stalin, before enrolling at theIndustrial Academy in Moscow to studysynthetic fibres and become an engineer. She had health issues, which had an adverse impact on her relationship with Stalin. She also suspected he wasunfaithful, which led to frequent arguments with him. On several occasions, Alliluyeva reportedly contemplated leaving Stalin, and after an argument, she fatally shot herself early in the morning of 9 November 1932. (Full article...)
Image 10
Largest European specimen, a male at Südostbayerisches Naturkunde- und Mammut-Museum,Siegsdorf
Thewoolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) is an extinct species ofmammoth that lived from theMiddle Pleistocene until its extinction in theHolocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with the AfricanMammuthus subplanifrons in the earlyPliocene. The woolly mammoth began to diverge from thesteppe mammoth about 800,000 years ago inSiberia. Its closest extant relative is theAsian elephant. TheColumbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) lived alongside the woolly mammoth in North America, andDNA studies show that the twohybridised with each other. Mammoth remains were long known in Asia before they became known to Europeans. The origin of these remains was long debated and often explained as the remains oflegendary creatures. The mammoth was identified as an extinct elephant species byGeorges Cuvier in 1796.
The appearance and behaviour of the woolly mammoth are among the best studied of anyprehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia andNorth America, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoriccave paintings. It was roughly the same size as modernAfrican elephants. Males reached shoulder heights between 2.67 and 3.5 m (8 ft 9 in and 11 ft 6 in) and weighed between 3.9 and 8.2 t (3.8 and 8.1 long tons; 4.3 and 9.0 short tons). Females reached 2.3–2.6 m (7 ft 7 in – 8 ft 6 in) in shoulder heights and weighed between 2.8–4 t (2.8–3.9 long tons; 3.1–4.4 short tons). A newborn calf weighed about 90 kg (200 lb). The woolly mammoth was well adapted to the cold environments present duringglacial periods, including thelast ice age. It was covered in fur, with an outer covering of long guard hairs and a shorter undercoat. The colour of thecoat varied from dark to light. The ears and tail were short to minimisefrostbite and heat loss. It had long, curvedtusks and fourmolars, which were replaced six times during the lifetime of an individual. Its behaviour was similar to that of modern elephants, and it used its tusks andtrunk for manipulating objects, fighting, and foraging. The diet of the woolly mammoth was mainly grasses andsedges. Individuals could probably reach the age of 60. Its habitat was themammoth steppe, which stretched across northern Eurasia and North America. (Full article...)
Image 11
Soviet and German deployments nearProkhorovka on the eve of the engagement of 12 July. Positions of theII SS-Panzer Corps are in blue. The red dashed line shows the position of Soviet forces directly opposing the SS-Panzer Corps. The black dashed line is the railway running from Prokhorovka southwest through the Psel corridor (the strip of land between thePsel River and a tributary of the Northern Donets River).
In April 1943, the German leadership began preparing forOperation Citadel, with the objective ofenveloping and destroying the Soviet forces in the Kursksalient by attacking and breaking through the base of the salient from north and south simultaneously. The German offensive was delayed several times because of the vacillation of the leadership (Hitler repeatedly delayed launching the attack so that moreTiger tanks could be delivered to the front, hoping that a technical advantage would help him win the offensive) and the addition of more forces and new equipment. The Soviet high command,Stavka, had learned of the German intentions and so used the delay to prepare a series of defensive belts along the routes of the planned German offensive. The Soviet leadership also massed several armies deep behind their defences as theStavka Reserve. The army group, theSteppe Front, was to launch counteroffensives once the German strength had dissipated. The 5th Guards Tank Army was the primary armoured formation of the Steppe Front. (Full article...)
The Rite of Spring (French:Le Sacre du printemps) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composerIgor Stravinsky. It was written for the 1913 Paris season ofSergei Diaghilev'sBallets Russes company; the original choreography was byVaslav Nijinsky with stage designs and costumes byNicholas Roerich. When first performed at theThéâtre des Champs-Élysées on 29 May 1913, theavant-garde nature of the music and choreographycaused a sensation. Many have called the first-night reaction a "riot" or "near-riot", though this wording did not come about until reviews of later performances in 1924, over a decade later. Although designed as a work for the stage, with specific passages accompanying characters and action, the music achieved equal if not greater recognition as a concert piece and is widely considered to be one of the most influential musical works of the 20th century.
Stravinsky was a young, virtually unknown composer when Diaghilev recruited him to create works for the Ballets Russes.Le Sacre du printemps was the third such major project, after the acclaimedFirebird (1910) andPetrushka (1911). The concept behindThe Rite of Spring, developed by Roerich from Stravinsky's outline idea, is suggested by its subtitle, "Pictures of Pagan Russia in Two Parts"; the scenario depicts various primitive rituals celebrating the advent of spring, after which a young girl is chosen as a sacrificial victim and dances herself to death. After a mixed critical reception for its original run and a short London tour, the ballet was not performed again until the 1920s, when a version choreographed byLéonide Massine replaced Nijinsky's original, which saw only eight performances. Massine's was the forerunner of many innovative productions directed by the world's leading choreographers, gaining the work worldwide acceptance. In the 1980s, Nijinsky's original choreography, long believed lost, was reconstructed by theJoffrey Ballet in Los Angeles. (Full article...)
Fram leavesBergen on 2 July 1893, bound for theArctic Ocean Nansen'sFram expedition of 1893–1896 was an attempt by theNorwegian explorerFridtjof Nansen to reach the geographicalNorth Pole by harnessing the natural east–west current of theArctic Ocean. In the face of much discouragement from other polar explorers, Nansen took his shipFram to theNew Siberian Islands in the eastern Arctic Ocean, froze her into thepack ice, and waited for the drift to carry her towards the pole. Impatient with the slow speed and erratic character of the drift, after 18 months Nansen and a chosen companion,Hjalmar Johansen, left the ship with a team ofSamoyed dogs and sledges and made for the pole. They did not reach it, but they achieved a recordFarthest North latitude of 86°13.6′N before a long retreat over ice and water to reach safety inFranz Josef Land. Meanwhile,Fram continued to drift westward, finally emerging in the North Atlantic Ocean.
The idea for the expedition had arisen after items from the American vesselJeannette, which had sunk off the north coast ofSiberia in 1881, were discovered three years later off the south-west coast ofGreenland. The wreckage had obviously been carried across the polar ocean, perhaps across the pole itself. Based on this and other debris recovered from the Greenland coast, the meteorologistHenrik Mohn developed a theory oftranspolar drift, which led Nansen to believe that a specially designed ship could be frozen in the pack ice and follow the same track asJeannette wreckage, thus reaching the vicinity of the pole. (Full article...)
Tsereteli was born and raised in Georgia when it was part of theRussian Empire. A member of theMenshevik faction of the RSDLP, Tsereteli was elected to theDuma in 1907, where he gained fame for his oratorical skill. Shortly after entering the Duma, Tsereteli was arrested and charged with conspiracy to overthrow theTsarist government, and exiled toSiberia. A dedicated Social Democrat who believed in the Menshevik ideology, Tsereteli was one of the leading figures of the movement in Russia. In 1915, during his Siberian exile, Tsereteli formed what would become known asSiberian Zimmerwaldism, which advocated for the role of theSecond International in ending the war. He also developed the idea of "Revolutionary Defensism", the concept of a defensive war which only allowed for the defence of territory, and argued it was not being utilized. (Full article...)
Sadko is a character in the Russian medieval epicBylina. An adventurer, merchant andgusli musician fromNovgorod, Sadko becomes wealthy with the help of theSea Tsar, but is thrown in the sea when he fails to pay the Sea Tsar his due respects. This story was widely adapted in the 19th century, including in a poem byAlexei Tolstoy andan opera byNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
Shown here isSadko in the Underwater Kingdom, an 1876 painting byIlya Repin. It depicts Sadko meeting the Sea Tsar under the sea.
TheChesme Column is avictory column in theCatherine Park at theCatherine Palace, a former Russian royal residence inTsarskoye Selo, a suburb ofSaint Petersburg. It was erected to commemorate three Russian naval victories in the 1768–1774Russo-Turkish War, including theBattle of Chesma in 1770. The column is made from three pieces of white-and-pink marble; decorated with therostra of three ships' bows, and crowned by a triumphal bronze statue depicting a Russian eagle trampling a crescent moon, the symbol of Turkey. Bronze plaques on three sides of the pedestal depict scenes from the battles, and the campaign is described on the plaque on the fourth side.
Maslenitsa, a 1919 painting depicting the carnival of the same name, which takes place the last week beforeGreat Lent. The painting encompasses a broad range of things associated withRussia, such as snowy winter weather, atroika, anOrthodox church withonion domes. Painted in the aftermath of theOctober Revolution, the canvas was intended as a farewell to the unspoilt "Holy Russia" of yore.
This photo of theNilov Monastery onStolobny Island inTver Oblast,Russia, was taken bySergey Prokudin-Gorsky in 1910 before the advent of colour photography. His process used a camera that took a series ofmonochrome pictures in rapid sequence, each through a different coloured filter. By projecting all three monochrome pictures using correctly coloured light, it was possible to reconstruct the original colour scene.
AlthoughJames Clerk Maxwell made the first color photograph in1861, the results were far from realistic until Prokudin-Gorsky perfected the technique with a series of improvements around1905. His process used a camera that took a series of monochrome pictures in rapid sequence, each through a different colored filter. Prokudin-Gorskii then went on to document much of the country of Russia, travelling by train in a specially equippeddarkroomrailroad car.
Gorky Park is a park in centralMoscow, Russia, inaugurated in 1928 following the use of the site in 1923 for the First All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Industries Exhibition. The park was named after the writer and political activistMaxim Gorky. It underwent a major reconstruction in 2011; nearly all the amusement rides and other attractions were removed, extensive lawns and flower beds were created, and new roadways were laid. A 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft)ice rink was installed at the same time. This picture shows thecolonnaded main portal of Gorky Park.
Barge Haulers on the Volga is an oil painting on canvas completed between 1870 and 1873 by therealist artistIlya Repin. It depicts eleven menphysically dragging abarge on the banks of theVolga River. Depicting these men as at the point of collapse, the work has been read as a condemnation of profit from inhumane labor.Barge Haulers on the Volga drew international praise for its realistic portrayal of the hardships of working men, and launched Repin's career. It has been described as "perhaps the most famous painting of thePeredvizhniki movement [for]....its unflinching portrayal of backbreaking labor". Today, the painting hangs in theRussian Museum inSaint Petersburg.
Maxim Gorky (1868–1936) was a Russian political activist and writer who helped establish theSocialist Realism literary method. This portrait dates from a trip Gorky made to the United States in 1906, on which he raised funds for theBolsheviks. During this trip he wrote his novelThe Mother.
TheSolovetsky Monastery is aRussian Orthodox monastery inSolovetsky,Arkhangelsk,Russia. Founded in 1436 by the monkZosima, the monastery grew in power into the 16th century, becoming an economic and political center of theWhite Sea region and eventually hosting 350 monks. After theBolshevik Revolution, Soviet authorities closed down the monastery and incorporated many of its buildings intoSolovki prison camp, one of the earliest forced-labor camps of thegulag system. The camp closed after the region's trees had been harvested. Today the monastery has been re-established, and also serves as a museum.
TheGreat Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, as presented to EmperorPaul I in October 1800. The use of thedouble-headed eagle in the coat of arms (seen in multiple locations here) goes back to the 15th century. With thefall of Constantinople and the end of theByzantine Empire in 1453, theGrand Dukes of Moscow came to see themselves as the successors of the Byzantine heritage, a notion reinforced by the marriage ofIvan III toSophia Paleologue. Ivan adopted the golden Byzantine double-headed eagle in his seal, first documented in 1472, marking his direct claim to the Roman imperial heritage and his assertion as sovereign equal and rival to theHoly Roman Empire.
Chicken Kiev, also known aschicken Kyiv, is a dish made ofchickenfillet pounded and rolled around cold butter, then coated with egg andbread crumbs, and eitherfried orbaked. Since fillets are often referred to assuprêmes in professional cookery, the dish is also called "suprême de volaille à la Kiev". Stuffed chicken breast is generally known inRussian andUkrainian cuisines ascôtelette de volaille. Though it has disputed origins, the dish is particularly popular in thepost-Soviet states, as well as in several other countries of the formerEastern Bloc, and in theEnglish-speaking world. (Full article...)
At the2008 NHL Entry Draft, Filatov was selected sixth overall by the Blue Jackets. Filatov was the top-ranked European skater by theNHL Central Scouting Bureau. Filatov played two seasons with the Blue Jackets organization. During the2009–10 season, Filatov was unhappy with his situation in Columbus and was loaned toCSKA Moscow for the remainder of the season. At the2011 NHL Entry Draft, the Blue Jackets then traded him to Ottawa in exchange for a third-round draft pick. In December 2011, the Senators loaned Filatov to CSKA Moscow for the balance of the2011–12 season. The following season, Filatov signed with Salavat Yulaev. The Senators chose not to tender Filatov a qualifying offer, making him a free agent. (Full article...)
A Frenchman is self-assured because he regards himself personally, both in mind and body, as irresistibly attractive to men and women. An Englishman is self-assured, as being a citizen of the best-organized state in the world, and therefore as an Englishman always knows what he should do and knows that all he does as an Englishman is undoubtedly correct. An Italian is self-assured because he is excitable and easily forgets himself and other people. A Russian is self-assured just because he knows nothing and does not want to know anything, since he does not believe that anything can be known. The German's self-assurance is worst of all, stronger and more repulsive than any other, because he imagines that he knows the truth--science--which he himself has invented but which is for him the absolute truth.
This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly byJL-Bot (talk·contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it istagged orcategorized (e.g.Category:WikiProject Russia articles) correctly and wait for the next update. SeeWP:RECOG for configuration options.
.jpg)
_il._12_Dvenadsat_Apostolov_-_Restoration%2c_cropped.jpg)
_over_Italy.jpg)
![Image 15 Barge Haulers on the Volga Painting: Ilya Repin Barge Haulers on the Volga is an oil painting on canvas completed between 1870 and 1873 by the realist artist Ilya Repin. It depicts eleven men physically dragging a barge on the banks of the Volga River. Depicting these men as at the point of collapse, the work has been read as a condemnation of profit from inhumane labor. Barge Haulers on the Volga drew international praise for its realistic portrayal of the hardships of working men, and launched Repin's career. It has been described as "perhaps the most famous painting of the Peredvizhniki movement [for]....its unflinching portrayal of backbreaking labor". Today, the painting hangs in the Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg. More selected pictures](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.m.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aIlia_Efimovich_Repin_(1844-1930)_-_Volga_Boatmen_(1870-1873).jpg)
.jpg)
_-_Portrait_of_Leo_Tolstoy_(1887).jpg)
.svg)
