Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along theNile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered acradle of civilisation,Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and importantcentre of Christianity, lateradopting Islam from the seventh century onwards.Alexandria, Egypt's former capital and currently second largest city, was a hub of global knowledge through itsLibrary. Cairo became the capital of theFatimid Caliphate in the tenth century and of the subsequentMamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of theOttoman Empire in 1517, until its local rulerMuhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomousKhedivate in 1867. The country was thenoccupied by theBritish Empire along withSudan and gained independence in 1922 asa monarchy.
Ruins of the pillared hall ofRamesses II at Mit Rahina
Memphis (Egyptian Arabic:منف,romanized: Manf,pronounced[mænf]; BohairicCoptic:ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ;Greek:Μέμφις), orMen-nefer, was the ancient capital ofInebu-hedj, the firstnome ofLower Egypt that was known asmḥw ("North"). Its ruins are located in the vicinity of the present-day village ofMit Rahina (Arabic:ميت رهينة), inBadrashin markaz (county),Giza Governorate, Egypt.
Image 36Umm Kulthum, an icon of Egyptian music, often referred to as "Egypt'sFourth Pyramid". In 2023,Rolling Stone ranked Umm Kulthum at number 61 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. (fromEgypt)
Image 37Thepyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization. (fromAncient Egypt)
Image 68A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb ofNakht. (fromAncient Egypt)
Image 88Rectangular fishpond with ducks andlotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees,Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, 18th Dynasty (fromAncient Egypt)
Image 89Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of theEgyptian Museum. (fromEgypt)
Image 90Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during theYom Kippur War, 1973 (fromEgypt)
Image 91E1b1b is the most common paternal haplogroup across Africa, including Egypt, with modern genetic studies rooting the origin of the E haplogroup in East Africa. (fromAncient Egypt)
Sayf ad-Din Qutuz (Arabic:سيف الدين قطز; died 24 October 1260), alsoromanized asKutuz orKotuz and fullyal-Malik al-Muẓaffar Sayf ad-Dīn Quṭuz (الملك المظفر سيف الدين قطزlit.'The VictoriousKing, Sword ofthe Faith Qutuz'), was theMamluk Sultan ofEgypt. He reigned as Sultan for less than a year, from 1259 until his assassination in 1260, but served as thede facto ruler for two decades.
Sold intoslavery in Egypt, he rose to become vice-sultan for more than 20 years, becoming the power behind the throne. He was prominent in defeating theSeventh Crusade, which invaded Egypt in 1249–1250. When Egypt was threatened by theMongols in 1259, he took control of the military and deposed the reigning sultan, 15-year-old SultanAl-Mansur Ali. The Mongols conquered the centers of Islamic power in Syria and Baghdad, and the center of the Islamic Empire moved to Egypt, which became their next target. Qutuz led an EgyptianMamluk army north to confront the Mongols, who had made a pact with Egypt's long-time enemy, theCrusaders. (Full article...)
Feteer meshaltet (Egyptian Arabic:فطير مشلتت,lit.'cushioned pie or cushion-like pie', IPA:[fɪˈtˤiːrmeˈʃæltet]), often simply referred to asmeshaltet (مشلتت), is a traditional Egyptian flaky layeredpastry. It is composed of numerous thin layers ofdough andghee. Feteer meshaltet is typically served with sweet or savory accompaniments. Sweet versions are commonly dipped inhoney ormolasses, or spread withjam, while savory pairings includecheeses such asmish, as well asolives andtorshi. Pies made from the same type of dough but prepared with various fillings instead of multiple layers of dough are generally referred to asfeteer, distinguishing them from the plain feteer meshaltet. (Full article...)
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