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Thepopemobile (Latin:papacinetum orpapocinetum;Italian:papamobile) is a specially designed motor vehicle used by thepope for public appearances.[1] It is the successor to thesedia gestatoria (portable throne) and is designed to make the pope more visible when greeting large crowds.
There have been many different designs for popemobiles. Some are open-air, while others havebulletproof glass walls to enclose the pope, deemed necessary following the 1981assassination attempt onPope John Paul II. Some allow the pope to sit, while others are designed to accommodate him standing. TheRoman Curia selects an appropriate popemobile for each usage depending upon the level of security needed, distance and speed of travel, and the pope's preferences.
Mercedes-Benz has been the most frequent provider of papal vehicles since it provided the Vatican with its first popemobile in 1930.[2][3][4][5] The Vatican acquired its firstelectric popemobile in December 2024, and has said that it plans to make all popemobiles electric by 2030.[4]
Thevehicle registration plates of Vatican City all begin with the letters "SCV", an abbreviation of theLatinStatus Civitatis Vaticanae ("Vatican City State"), followed by the vehicle fleet number. The registration plate for theFord Focus used byPope Francis was "SCV 00919".[6] In the past, the popemobile has typically used registration plate "SCV 1", although plates numbered "SCV 2" to "SCV 9" have also been used.[7]
For public appearances, before the invention of the popemobile concept, the Pope used thesedia gestatoria, a chair carried on the shoulders of papal attendants. This fell out of use after the death ofPope Paul VI in 1978.Pope John Paul I, who succeededPope Paul VI and reigned for only 33 days before his death, was the lastPope who used thesedia gestatoria.[8]
Papal carriages were adorned with red velvet upholstery and gilded engravings and trimmings. Several were used in the 1800s, many of which have been restored and are on display at the Carriage Pavilion exhibit of theVatican Museums.[9]
An inventory from the papal stables in 1841 shows the carriages were pulled by horses with names such as Bandito (Bandit), Pomposino (Pompous), Bufalino (Buffalo), and Capitano (Captain).[9]
On 10 November 1929, the Vatican would get its first automobile when the Graham brothers who led the Detroit basedGraham Paige Motors Corporation donated aGraham Paige 837 limousine, whichPope Pius XI would use to travel to theBasilica of St. John Lateran on 22 December 1929.[10] However, theNurburg 460 Pullman which was given to Pope Pius XI in 1930 by German car manufacturerMercedes-Benz is considered to have been to first "official" popemobile.[2]
The term "popemobile" was first used in English-language media to refer to a custom-builtLincoln Continental used byPope Paul VI during apastoral visit to New York City in 1965. After the visit, the car was sold toFort Dodge, Iowa eye doctor Eric Swanson, who promoted it as the "Pope-Mobile" and loaned it for other uses, includingticker-tape parades for theApollo astronauts.[11][12]
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The first time that John Paul II traveled to his home country in 1979, he was transported in the white vehicle based on thePolishStar 660 truck from a firmFSC Star. ForJohn Paul II's visit to Ireland in 1979,Ford Ireland donated aD series truck which was adapted by OBAMcoachbuilders; in 2017 it was available for private rental inDublin.[13] It was bigger than the truck used later inVatican City. Another popemobile was a modifiedMercedes-Benz with a small windowed enclosure in the back where the Pope sits. A converted 230 GMercedes-Benz G-Class was built for John Paul II's visit to Germany in 1980.[14]
Following the attempted assassination of John Paul II in 1981, the popemobile was fitted withbulletproof glass.British Leyland supplied bothLeyland T45 lorry-based andRange Rover SUV-based armored popemobiles in 1982 for thepope's visit to the United Kingdom. One of the two T45-based vehicles used was sold at auction in 2006 for £37,000, the other is kept in theBritish Commercial Vehicle Museum inLeyland, UK.[15] One of theRange Rovers is exhibited at theNational Museum of Funeral History inHouston, Texas.[16] The Pope used a popemobile derived from theSEAT Panda model during his visit to Spain in 1982; this specific car was open-air with a grab handle in front so that the Pope could stand still and greet the crowds while moving.[17] The Pope entered theCamp Noufootball stadium inBarcelona,[18] driving through the assembled crowds celebrating Mass for a congregation of over 121,000 on 17 November 1982.
During the Pope's visit to Canada in 1984, a modifiedGMC Sierra was used as a base, rebuilt by the Thibault Fire Engines Company inPierreville, Quebec. It was subsequently used for the 1998 papal visit to Cuba and was displayed at theCanada Science and Technology Museum inOttawa in 2005. The second truck built by the Thibault Fire Engines Company[19] was sent back to the Vatican in 1984.[20]
During the papal visit to the United States in September 1987, a pair of Mercedes-Benz 230 G popemobiles were flown toWashington, D.C., and modified by theUnited States Secret Service to provide access to the papal compartment from the driver's cabin, a design that continued to be used after the trip.[21] One of these vehicles has been retired and is currently on display at theMercedes-Benz Museum inStuttgart, Germany.
In 2002, John Paul II requested that the media stop referring to the car as the "popemobile", saying that the term was "undignified".[1]
The popemobile, most often used byPope Benedict XVI when traveling abroad was a modifiedMercedes-Benz M-Classsport utility vehicle with a special glass-enclosed room that had its own oxygen supply built into the back of the vehicle. The Pope enters through a rear door and ascends several steps. He then sits in a chair made from white leather with gold trim which is then elevated into the glass room by ahydraulic lift, allowing the Pope to be more easily seen. In addition to the driver, there is room for one passenger (usually a security agent) in the front of the vehicle. The glass-enclosed rear of the vehicle also has room for two papal aides, who can sit in the area in front of the Pope's elevated chair. The vehicle includes bulletproof glass windows and skylights and is made from reinforced armour plating, security features designed to withstand explosives under or around it. At 2011 prices, the popemobile cost approximately £345,000.[22]
On June 6, 2007, a German man tried to jump into Benedict XVI's uncovered popemobile as the pontiff began his general audience. The Pope was not hurt and did not even appear to notice that the man had jumped over the protective barrier in the square and had grabbed onto the whiteFiat popemobile as it passed. At least eight security officers trailed the vehicle as it moved slowly through the square. They subsequently grabbed the man and wrestled him to the ground, before he was interrogated byVatican police.[23]
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Pope Francis showed a preference for a simpler lifestyle and simpler cars. As acardinal, he often usedpublic transport.[24] On the night of his election, he rode with the other cardinals in aminibus back totheir hotel instead of using a papal limousine.[25] For trips within theVatican City, he used a smallFord Focus from the Vatican motor pool. He also drove himself around the city in a 1984Renault 4 presented to him by Italian Father Renzo Zocca.[26]
AKia Soul was used as the popemobile in August 2014 when he visitedSouth Korea.[27]
Italian automakerFiat, the traditional supplier of papal cars, supplied Pope Francis with theFiat 500L used for his visit to theUnited States on 22–27 September 2015.[28] Fiat also supplied theJeep Wrangler he used inEcuador in July 2015.[29]
During his visit in thePhilippines, Francis used a convertedjeepney, a type of public-utility vehicle used in the country. In addition he also used anIsuzu D-Max.[9] In 2019, Francis received aDacia Duster to be used as the popemobile during his visit toRomania.[30] For his 2024 visit in Indonesia, the popemobile used was based on thePindad Maung MV3 Tangguh.[31][32] He used aHyundai Ioniq 5 during his visit toSingapore.[33]
In December 2024, Francis received the Vatican's first-everall-electric popemobile, an all-electricMercedes-BenzG-Wagen.[34][35]
Duringhis funeral in April 2025, aRam 1500-based popemobile was used to transport Francis' coffin to his burial place, theBasilica of Santa Maria Maggiore inRome.[36] This was the first time a popemobile had been employed as ahearse.[citation needed]
In May 2025, it was reported that Francis, as part of his final wishes, requested that one of his popemobiles be turned into a health clinic for the children ofGaza, and had entrustedCaritas Jerusalem with the task. The popemobile was outfitted with diagnostic, examination, and treatment equipment, including rapid testing for infections, vaccines, and other life-saving supplies to reach children in the most isolated corners of the region.[37] In June 2025, Caritas Jerusalem reported that the Israeli government had prevented the vehicle from entering theGaza Strip.[38]
Beforehis papal inauguration on 18 May 2025,Pope Leo XIV rode a popemobile (open-topped) for the first time, greeting and blessing crowds gathered around St. Peter's Square and theVia della Conciliazione.[39]
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