| Pokémon: The First Movie | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theatrical release poster | |||||
| Japanese name | |||||
| Kanji | 劇場版ポケットモンスター ミュウツーの逆襲 | ||||
| Literal meaning | Pocket Monsters the Movie: Mewtwo Strikes Back | ||||
| |||||
| Directed by | Kunihiko Yuyama | ||||
| Screenplay by | Takeshi Shudo | ||||
| Based on | Indigo League bySatoshi Tajiri, &Nintendo | ||||
| Produced by |
| ||||
| Starring | |||||
| Cinematography | Hisao Shirai | ||||
| Edited by |
| ||||
| Music by | Shinji Miyazaki | ||||
Production company | |||||
| Distributed by | Toho | ||||
Release date |
| ||||
Running time | 75 minutes[1] | ||||
| Country | Japan | ||||
| Language | Japanese | ||||
| Budget | $5 million[2][3] | ||||
| Box office | $172.7 million[2] | ||||
Pokémon: The First Movie[a] is a 1998 Japanese animatedfantasyadventure film[4] directed byKunihiko Yuyama. It is the first in thePokémonanime film series. The film was first released in Japan on July 18, 1998, to positive reviews, with praise directed at the film's emotional impact and exploration of ethical topics such ascloning,genetic modification, andexistentialism.
The English-language adaptation was released in North America and other countries on November 10, 1999, byWarner Bros. Pictures.[5] This version was received far less positively than the original Japanese release, with much criticism pointed at the inclusion of an anti-violence message contradictory to the series' overall concept. Further, retrospective criticism of the dub has been targeted against the removal of most of the ethical topics from the original Japanese version, such as part of Mewtwo's origin story. Despite mixed reviews, it was a box office success worldwide, topping the box office charts in its opening weekend and eventually grossing over$172 million at the worldwide box office. It also sold 10 millionhome video units in the United States, including 4.2 millionVHS sales that earned$58.8 million in 2000.
On July 8, 1999, an extended version[b] aired on Japanese television. In addition to an added prologue, the release included new animation andCGI graphics.[6] The film primarily consists of two segments:The Uncut Story of Mewtwo's Origin, the ten-minute prologue added to the extended version; andMewtwo Strikes Back, the main 75-minute film feature. Overseas, the prologue can only be seen as a bonus short in DVD versions ofPokémon: Mewtwo Returns. Several versions of the film, such as the theatrical release, also includePikachu's Summer Vacation, a bonus side story featuringPikachu as the protagonist.
A full CGIremake of the movie, titledPokémon: Mewtwo Strikes Back – Evolution, was released in 2019.
Team Rocket leader Giovanni recruits scientist Dr. Fuji to create a clonedsupersoldier from an eyelash of theMythical PokémonMew, with Fuji intending to use the research to resurrect his deceased daughter, Amber. In a laboratory, the weapon eventually gains sentience and is namedMewtwo. Mewtwo befriends the salvaged consciousness of Amber, named Ambertwo, as well as the clones of other Pokémon in the laboratory. However, Mewtwo becomes traumatized after Ambertwo and the rest of the clones decompose and die. To stabilize him, Fuji tranquilizes Mewtwo, causing him to fall intosuspended animation.
After Mewtwo fully matures and awakens from his long slumber in the laboratory on New Island, he learns of his origins. Infuriated that Fuji and his colleagues see him as a mere experiment, he uses hispsychic abilities to telekinetically destroy the laboratory and kill Fuji and the scientists. Giovanni, witnessing the carnage from afar, asks Mewtwo to help him develop and perfect his mental abilities. However, after Mewtwo realizes his purpose as a weapon for Giovanni's benefit, he destroys Team Rocket's headquarters and returns to New Island, plotting to exact revenge against humanity and Pokémon alike.
After rebuilding the laboratory and establishing a base there, Mewtwo sends invites to several trainers through hologram messages to battle the greatest Pokémon Master in the world on New Island. Ash Ketchum, Misty, and Brock receive a message and accept the invitation, but by the time they arrive at the port city, Old Shore Wharf, Mewtwo has created a storm, causing the boats to be closed off for safety. To make it over there, Ash's group is picked up byTeam Rocket, disguised as Vikings, on a boat. After the storm sinks their vessel in the middle of the ocean, Ash and his friends use their Pokémon to reach New Island.
Escorted into the island's palace by the woman who appeared on the hologram, Ash and the other trainers who reached the island encounter Mewtwo. The woman is revealed to be a brainwashedNurse Joy after she is released from Mewtwo's mind control. Mewtwo challenges the trainers using cloned Pokémon coincidentally modeled after the deceased friends from his childhood. Team Rocket, having also reached New Island, explore its inner sanctum, with Mew innocuously following them. After Mewtwo's clones effortlessly defeat the challengers' Pokémon, he confiscates them and expands his clone army. Ash chases after his captured Pikachu to the cloning lab, where Team Rocket'sMeowth is also cloned. Ash destroys the cloning machine, frees the captured Pokémon, and leads them to confront Mewtwo and his clones. Mew then reveals itself, and Mewtwo challenges it to prove his superiority.
All the Pokémon originals battle their clones, save for a defiant Pikachu and Meowth, the latter reconciling with his clone after realizing the senselessness of their fighting. Ash, horrified at the pain and anguish felt on both sides of the battle, puts himself in between a psychic blast caused by Mewtwo and Mew's fighting, which petrifies him. Pikachu tries reviving Ash with his electricity but fails, and he and the other Pokémon, original and clone alike, are reduced to tears. However, Ash is revived by these tears, and Mewtwo is moved by the boy's sacrifice, realizing that he and others should not have to be judged by their origins, but rather by their choices in life. Departing with Mew and the clones, Mewtwo turns back time to just before the trainers leave Old Shore Wharf and erases everyone's memories of the events.
Back in Old Shore Wharf, the now-restored Nurse Joy reopens the Pokémon Center to shelter the trainers. As the storm outside clears up, Ash spots Mew flying through the clouds and tells his friends how he saw anotherlegendary Pokémon the day he left Pallet Town for his journey. Meanwhile, Team Rocket find themselves stranded on a revitalized New Island, unable to remember how they got there, but enjoy their time nonetheless.
| Character | Japanese voice actor | English voice actor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Japanese name | ||
| Ash Ketchum | Satoshi | Rica Matsumoto | Veronica Taylor |
| Pikachu | Ikue Ōtani | ||
| Misty | Kasumi | Mayumi Iizuka | Rachael Lillis |
| Brock | Takeshi | Yūji Ueda | Eric Stuart |
| Togepi | Satomi Kōrogi | ||
| Jessie | Musashi | Megumi Hayashibara | Rachael Lillis |
| James | Kojirō | Shin'ichirō Miki | Eric Stuart |
| Meowth | Nyarth | Inuko Inuyama | Maddie Blaustein |
| Fergus | Umio (ウミオ) | Wataru Takagi | Jimmy Zoppi |
| Corey | Sorao (ソラオ) | Tōru Furuya | Ed Paul |
| Neesha | Sweet (スイート,Suīto) | Aiko Satō | Amy Birnbaum |
| Miranda | Voyager (ボイジャー,Boijā) | Sachiko Kobayashi | Lisa Ortiz |
| Pirate | Raymond (レイモンド,Reimondo) | Raymond Johnson | Maddie Blaustein |
| Mewtwo | Masachika Ichimura Fujiko Takimoto(young; radio drama) Showtaro Morikubo(young; anime) | Jay Goede | |
| Mew | Koichi Yamadera | ||
| Giovanni | Sakaki | Hirotaka Suzuoki | Ed Paul |
| Officer Jenny | Junsar | Chinami Nishimura | Lee Quick |
| Nurse Joy | Joy | Ayako Shiraishi | Megan Hollingshead |
| Dr. Fuji (フジ博士) | Yōsuke Akimoto | Philip Bartlett | |
| Narrator | Unshō Ishizuka | Ken Gates | |
| Character | Japanese voice actor | English voice actor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Japanese name | ||
| Raichu | Urara Takano | ||
| Snubbull | Buru | Naoki Tatsuta | Jimmy Zoppi |
| Marill | Mika Kanai | Kayzie Rogers | |
| Cubone | Karakara | Chiyako Shibahara | Michael J. Haigney |
| Commentary | Aiko Satō | N/a | |
| Pokédex ("Dexter") | Pokémon Encyclopedia | N/a | Eric Stuart |
| Character | Japanese voice actor | English voice actor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Japanese name | ||
| Ambertwo | Aitwo[7] (アイツー,Aitsū) | Kyōko Hikami | Unknown |
| Bulbasaurtwo | Fushigidanetwo[7] (フシギダネツー,Fushigidanetsū) | Etsuko Kozakura | Tara Jayne |
| Charmandertwo | Hitokagetwo[7] (ヒトカゲツー,Hitokagetsū) | Yūji Ueda | Michael J. Haigney |
| Squirtletwo | Zenigametwo[7] (ゼニガメツー,Zenigametsū) | Satomi Kōrogi | Eric Stuart |
| Doctor Fuji's wife[7] | Shinobu Adachi | Unknown | |
| Madame Boss (女ボス,On'na Bosu) | Hiromi Tsuru | N/a[i] | |
| Miyamoto (ミヤモト) | Yumi Tōma | ||
| Announcers | Kentarō Itō Katsuyuki Konishi Saori Higashi | ||
| Investigator | Shinpachi Tsuji | ||
| Researchers | Katsuyuki Konishi Takuma Suzuki | ||
| Trainer | Saori Higashi | ||
Kunihiko Yuyama directed the original Japanese version of the film, while Choji Yoshikawa andTakeshi Shudo served as producer and scriptwriter, respectively. Unlike subsequentPokémon films, this film was not produced by thePikachu Project.[8] According to Shudo, certain episodes in the anime were intended to tie-in with the movie prior to its release in Japan, and provide background information behind the events of the film. However, the controversy surrounding the "Dennō Senshi Porygon" episode on December 16, 1997, delayed the tie-in episodes, causing Shudo to expand the beginning and overall length of the film.[9]
Shudo explained in his blog that Mewtwo being torn over his life purpose reflects the film's theme ofexistentialism. In the Japanese script, for instance, the moment Mewtwo realizes he has a right to be in the world just as much as any other living creature represents the central message of accepting one's existence. Amber, who is namedAi (アイ) in the Japanese script, was named so to highlight the film's overall message of self-existence, with Ai being a homonym of the English word "I".[10][11][12]
Norman J. Grossfeld, former president of4Kids Productions, served as the film's producer for the English-language North American version. Grossfeld, Michael Haigney, and John Touhey wrote the English adaptation, and Haigney served as the English version's voice director.[13] The English script was heavily edited from the original Japanese one; along with various content edits, Mewtwo is portrayed more maliciously because Grossfeld felt American audiences needed to see a "clearly evil" villain rather than a morally ambiguous one. As such, the existential themes seen in the Japanese version were significantly toned-down.[14] These changes were not well received by the original Japanese production crew, with executive producer Masakazu Kubo describing Warner Bros.' proposed changes "a hassle".[15]
The English version editors translated various Japanese texts, including those on signs and buildings, into English. TheShogakukan-Shueisha Productions (formerly Shogakukan Productions) also altered various background from the original version of the film in order to enhance its presentation overseas.[16] In the English dub, three Pokémon are referred to by the wrong name. Pidgeot is called "Pidgeotto", Scyther is called "Alakazam", and Sandslash is called "Sandshrew". 4Kids said that they decided to leave the latter two errors when they noticed it as something for the children watching to notice and because they felt it was plausible in context that Team Rocket could make a mistake.[17]
Grossfeld had new music re-recorded for the film's release, citing that it "would better reflect what American kids would respond to." John Loeffler of Rave Music produced the English-language music and co-composed thefilm score withRalph Schuckett. Loeffler collaborated withJohn Lissauer and Manny Corallo to produce the English-language "Pikachu's Vacation" score. Grossfeld revealed that the English version of the film "combines the visual sense of the best Japanese animation with the musical sensibility of Western pop culture."[16][18][19] Grossfeld revealed in a 2022 interview that while shopping the film around to distributors, one studio suggested havingLeonardo DiCaprio dub over Ash's lines, a decision Grossfeld found "weird". Ultimately, he managed to work out a deal with Warner Bros.[20]
Warner reportedly paid less than $10 million for the rights to the film in the U.S. and foreign territories outside of Asia.[21]
Burger King released a limited series of kids' meal toys to tie in with the film. Also promoted were six 23 karat gold Pokémon cards, each enclosed inside a large plastic Poké Ball. Every card is a 23 karat gold plated slab of metal inside a clear protective plastic case that came with a certificate of authenticity signed by Nintendo of America chairmanHoward Lincoln. The first run of gold cards sent and released to Burger King locations were packaged in a limited blue box that sold out immediately. A large second print of gold cards was packaged in a red box until the film promotion ended.
On December 11, 1999, 13-month-old Kira Murphy from California died when half of the Poké Ball toy became stuck over her mouth and nose, causing her to suffocate; she was later found deceased in her playpen. Twelve days later, a second child in Kansas survived a similar incident. On December 28, 1999, Burger King issueda recall of the toys. Adults were urged to discard or return both pieces of the toy. Customers returning the toy were given a small order of french fries in return. Nearly a month after the recall, another child suffocated from the toy. The dead children's families settled their lawsuits on undisclosed terms.[22]
Toshihiro Ono, author ofPokémon: The Electric Tale of Pikachu, created a manga version of the film. Asked by editors to draw Mewtwo's birth, he received the source material to base the manga off in April 1998 and finished the manga in May. In July of that year, a five episode radio drama titledThe Birth of Mewtwo was broadcast over the five Sundays leading up to the premiere of the movie in Japan. Written by Takeshi Shudo, the drama delves into Mewtwo's origin prior to the start of the film. It also explores the leadership of Team Rocket underMadame Boss, Giovanni's mother, and the last known whereabouts ofMiyamoto (ミヤモト), Jessie's mother. Due to its mature themes, it was never dubbed in English.[10][23] The drama eventually served the basis for theOrigin of Mewtwo prologue that would appear in the extended version of the film.[6] Since the drama was conceived a few months after the manga, the events depicted in the drama do not match up with the events portrayed in the manga. Ono has even stated that "there's not much connection between the manga and the movie."[24]
Pokémon: The First Movie – Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture is thesoundtrack to the firstPokémon film in the United States. It was released byAtlantic Records on November 9, 1999, oncompact disc andcassette tape. ThePokémon: The First Movie album was certified double platinum by theRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 11, 2000, for selling 2,000,000 copies.[25] "Don't Say You Love Me" byM2M was released as a single from the album,[26] and it would later be featured on their debut studio album,Shades of Purple, released on March 7, 2000. For the opening, a remake of the original English theme song fromPokémon: Indigo League originally composed byJohn Loeffler and John Siegler and originally performed on vocals byJason Paige, titled "Pokémon Theme (Movie Version)", is performed by Filipino actor and singerBilly Crawford under a new arrangement of the theme song.
In the United States, the first trailer was released in August 1999 and was shown beforeThe Iron Giant andMystery Men. The second trailer was released in late 1999 and was attached toThe Bachelor. In addition, select theaters gave away exclusivePokémon trading cards to capitalize on the success of the trading card game. The cards feature likenesses of Electabuzz, Pikachu, Mewtwo, and Dragonite and were dispensed in random order for each week it was in that particular theater. The subsequent releases ofPokémon: The Movie 2000 andPokémon 3: The Movie featured a similar marketing campaign. The March 2000 home video release ofThe First Movie had TV, in-school, and online ads with companies such asClorox,Kraft, andZenith Electronics, a contest to win a trip to Japan, and a limited edition Mewtwo card (different from that used for the theatrical release) that was packaged with the video.[27]
The Japanese version of the film was initially distributed theatrically byToho on July 18, 1998.[8]
On March 9, 1999,Warner Bros. Pictures negotiated a deal with4Kids Entertainment andThe Summit Media Group to acquire worldwide distribution rights to the film outside Asia.[5] The deal was verified on June 24, with an announcement that the film would be released on November 12 in the United States.[28][29] Days prior to its release, the film was moved up to November 10.[28] Prior to that date, the film premiered on November 6 atGrauman's Chinese Theatre inHollywood.[30][31]
In 2016, the film was theatrically re-released exclusively atCinemark theaters in the United States on October 29 and November 1, 2016. The re-release included thePikachu's Vacation short film from the original release and was intended to commemoratePokémon's 20th anniversary.[32][33]
For TV syndication, the movie wasdigitally remastered for high definition and aired inTV Tokyo, as well as in other stations, beginning May 3, 2013.[34][35] The remastered version also aired in the United States onCartoon Network on January 4, 2014.[36]
The film was released on March 21, 2000, in Region 1 format (United States and Canada) on bothVHS andDVD byWarner Home Video.[37][38][39] The original DVD release with the snap case contains numerous features that were removed from later reprints, such as the origin prologue and thePikachu's Vacation short film. Other options, such as Dolby Digital 5.1 sound, have been removed, leaving only the 2.0 stereo mix available, among other features.
The original VHS release sold 4.2 million units and earned$58.8 million in the United States by the end of 2000.[2] By 2007, the film had sold 10 million units onhome video in the United States.[40]
The film was included in theBlu-ray compilation titledPikachu the Movie Premium Box 1998-2010 in Japan on November 28, 2012.[41]
On February 9, 2016,Viz Media andWarner Home Video released a limited edition Blu-raySteelBook containing thePokémon filmsPokémon: The First Movie,Pokémon the Movie 2000, andPokémon 3: The Movie, along with single releases on DVD. In accommodation with the 20th anniversary of thePokémon franchise, a digitally remastered version of the film was released on digital stores on February 27. On October 2, 2018, the three-film Blu-ray set was re-released as a standard single-disc edition.
Reviews of the original Japanese version have generally been positive due to the film's emotional impact and exploration of ethical topics such as cloning andgenetic engineering. However, the philosophical themes were criticized for being too complex for children.[15]
While the English dub of the film received decent reviews from audiences, it received generally negative reviews from critics. Onreview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes, 16% of critics have given the film's English adaptation a positive review based on 91 reviews, with an average rating of 3.57/10. The website's critics' consensus reads, "Audiences other than children will find very little to entertain them."[42] OnMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[43] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[44]
Anime News Network review called the main feature "contradictory", stating that "the anti-violent message that is pretty much crammed down our throats works directly against the entire point of the franchise" and criticizedPikachu's Summer Vacation for being "incoherent, pointless and fluffy".[45] Rating the movie two stars out of four,Roger Ebert of theChicago Sun-Times called the movie "a sound-and-light show, linked to the marketing push forPokémon in general" and said that the movie had "no level at which it enriches a young viewer, by encouraging thinking or observation."[46] Michael Wood of theCoventry Evening Telegraph said thatPikachu's Summer Vacation "can only be described as a mind-numbingly tedious piece, with no discernible storyline and lots of trippy images and silly voices". Wood did note that the main feature had a "mildly intriguing premise" but said that the rest of the film "was like amartial arts movie without the thrills."[47]
Retrospective reviews written several years after the release of the film have criticized the narrative changes made during the localization process, such as the omission of the extended-prologue detailing Mewtwo's origin and script changes that paint Mewtwo as an "oversimplified villain".[48] Commenting on the English-language script of the film, Ryan Lambie ofDen of Geek described the decision to cut Mewtwo's origin "a highly unfortunate move" and that the original Japanese script allowed for "a far more engrossing watch" due to its deeper exploration of mature, existential themes. Lambie also commented, however, that "the various edits made to its dialogue and story probably didn't mean much" to younger fans at the time of the movie's release, since the film was ultimately marketed towards children.[49]
Common Sense Media gave the film one star out of five, saying "cooperation message buried under lots of violence".[50]
In Japan, it was the second-highest-grossing domestic film of 1998, earning a distribution income of¥4.15 billion,[51] and grossing a total of¥7.6 billion.[52]
In the U.S. box office,Pokémon: The First Movie was an instant commercial success, debuting at number one and earning $10.1 million on its Wednesday opening day. This day is commonly called the "Pokéflu" because so many children missed school to see the film, much to the chagrin of educators.[53] This was the biggest animated film opening for any film in the history of Warner Bros.[53] The film remained the only anime film to top the U.S. box office until 2021'sDemon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Mugen Train.[54] During its first weekend, it grossed $31 million and went on to generate a total of $50.8 million since its Wednesday launch in 3,043 theaters, averaging to about $10,199 per venue over the three-day span. It also held the records for being the animated feature with the highest opening weekend in November outside of theThanksgiving holiday and for a non-Disney animated film, both of which were previously held byThe Rugrats Movie in 1998. Despite a 59.72% drop in its second weekend to $12.5 million and dropped to third place behindSleepy Hollow andThe World Is Not Enough the film made $67.4 million within 12 days. It remained in third place during its third weekend, Thanksgiving weekend, behindThe World Is Not Enough andToy Story 2. It closed on February 27, 2000, earning $85.7 million in North America and $77.9 million in other territories. It is the highest-grossing anime film in the United States and the fourth highest-grossing animatedfilm based on a television show worldwide.[1] It was also the highest-grossingfilm based on a video game at the time, until 2001'sLara Croft: Tomb Raider.[55] Commercially, Takeshi Shudo states the film fared better overall in the U.S. than it did in its home country.[10] As of September 2025, the film's United States box office total is estimated to have been $190.7 million when adjusted for inflation.[56]
In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £10.8 million at the box office.[57] It is also the highest-grossingJapanese film in France and Germany, where it sold 2,224,432 and 3,222,452 box office admissions, respectively.[58] In total, the film's worldwide box office gross was $172,744,662[2] (¥19 billion).[59]
At theStinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film garnered five nominations, of which it won two: Worst Achievement in Animation (OLM, K.K.) and Most Unwelcome Direct-to-Video Release (All nine Pokémon videos released in 1999). However, it lost Biggest Disappointment (Films That Didn't Live Up to Their Hype) toThe Blair Witch Project, Worst Screen Debut (all 151 Pokémon) toJar Jar Binks (played byAhmed Best) inStar Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, and Worst Screenplay for a Film Grossing More than $100 Million Using Hollywood Math (Takeshi Shudo) toWild Wild West.[60]
| Award | Subject | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animation Kobe | Theatrical Film Award | OLM, K.K. | Won |
| Stinkers Award | Worst Achievement in Animation | Won | |
| Most Unwelcome Direct-to-Video Release | All ninePokémon videos were released in 1999 | Won | |
| Biggest Disappointment (Films That Didn't Live Up to Their Hype) | Toho/Warner Bros. | Nominated | |
| Worst Screen Debut | Pokémon (All151 of Them!) | Nominated | |
| Worst Screenplay for a Film Grossing More than $100 Million Using Hollywood Math | Takeshi Shudo | Nominated |
The film serves as the primary influence on Mewtwo's portrayal in theSuper Smash Bros. series of fighting games, in keeping with the anime inspiration for playablePokémon characters. Mewtwo's playable debut inSuper Smash Bros. Melee featuresMasachika Ichimura reprising his role as Mewtwo from the film, and the Japanese version of the game contains quotes reminiscent of Mewtwo's character in the film. The character's return as aDLC fighter inSuper Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U was heralded by the tagline "Mewtwo Strikes Back!" in a gameplay trailer. Instead of Ichimura, Mewtwo is voiced byKeiji Fujiwara inSuper Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U andSuper Smash Bros. Ultimate. Elements and references from the second Mewtwo inPokémon the Movie: Genesect and the Legend Awakened are included in later games such as its Mega Evolution, Final Smash, and Boxing Ring title.
During the end credits ofPokémon the Movie: The Power of Us (2018), it was announced that a CGI remake was set to release in the following year. In December 2018, the release date of the remake was revealed as July 12, 2019.Pokémon fansite Serebii reported that the film, titledPokémon: Mewtwo Strikes Back – Evolution, would be directed by Kunihiko Yuyama and Motonori Sakakibara.[61][62][63][64]
On January 22, 2020, it was announced thatNetflix would be releasing the English-dubbed version of the film on February 27, 2020.[65]
Japanimation has sprouted, giving fruit to such hits as Pokemon The First Movie: Mewtwo Strikes Back (1999) which achieved 19 billion yen in worldwide box office