Pavle Savić | |
|---|---|
Павле Савић | |
 | |
| Born | (1909-01-10)10 January 1909 |
| Died | 30 May 1994(1994-05-30) (aged 85) |
| Awards | Lomonosov Gold Medal (1981) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics,Chemistry |
Pavle Savić (Serbian Cyrillic:Павле Савић; 10 January 1909 – 30 May 1994) was aSerbian physicist andchemist. In his early years, he worked in Serbia as well asFrance, and became one of the pioneers in the research ofnuclear fission. He was also a sympathiser ofYugoslav communists in theinterwar period, and then rose to prominence duringWorld War II in Yugoslavia. He made important contributions to thePartisan resistance to theAxis occupation, became a delegate toAVNOJ, and was also sent on high level missions to theSoviet Union. After the war, he founded theVinča Nuclear Institute and was a tenured professor at theUniversity of Belgrade as well as a member of numerous learned societies, and a president of theSerbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Pavle Savić was born to Ana and Petar Savić, as the eldest of five children. His father was a veterinarian, and his mother was the sister ofKosta Stojanović, a one-time professor at theBelgrade Higher School and a minister in the Government of theKingdom of Serbia. His birthplace happened to beThessaloniki, Greece, where his father was posted in a free customs zone at the time. The family soon moved toSvilajnac where they spent the time of theBalkan Wars andWorld War I. Afterwards, they moved toBelgrade where he completed middle school in 1923, and then toPožarevac, where he would graduate high school in 1927, after having shown a keen interest in the natural sciences.[1]
Savić would go on to graduate with a degree in physical chemistry from theUniversity of Belgrade in 1932.[1] After completing the mandatory military service of theKingdom of Yugoslavia, he became a teaching assistant at the university, ultimately working with professor Dragoljub Jovanović who had previously collaborated withMarie Curie at theRadium Institute, Paris. By 1934, he had published his first scientific paper in the journal of theFrench Academy of Sciences.[1]
In 1935, he received a six-month scholarship from the French government to study in France, where he moved with his freshly married bride Branka (née Božinović). With professor Jovanović's references, he was hired at the Radium Institute in Paris, and he would ultimately spend five years inFrance. He worked withIrène Joliot-Curie andFrédéric Joliot-Curie on interactions of neutrons in the chemical physics of heavy elements, and they published a number of papers in 1938 and 1939.[2] This turned out to be an important step in the discovery ofnuclear fission.[3] Together with Irène Joliot-Curie, Savić was nominated for theNobel Prize in Physics, but the prize hadn't been awarded during World War II. The same issues were researched by a number of other scientists, includingEnrico Fermi,Lise Meitner,Otto Hahn,Fritz Strassmann and others, but in 1944 the Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of fission only to Hahn.[2]
In the late 1930s, Savić also took part in social and political activities of the Yugoslav students in France, and in 1938 was elected as the president of their association as a candidate though not yet a member of theCommunist Party of Yugoslavia. He worked withBoris Kidrič and others to aid theYugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War, and in 1939 became a member of the CPY.[2] Though he was one of the few teachers of the University of Belgrade to do so at the time, his family actually had a history of socialist and later communist activism. As the international affairs at the time became more turbulent, he was expelled from France by the end of the same year, and returned to teach physical chemistry at the then pharmaceutical department of theUniversity of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine.[4]
At the start ofWorld War II and theoccupation of Yugoslavia, Savić immediately became part of the underground resistance to the German occupation.[5] Soon, in July 1941, after having assistedPartisan sabotages, he and his wife left Belgrade to avoid capture, eventually arriving in the liberatedRepublic of Užice. There, he joined the Supreme Command of thePeople's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia as a radio and cipher officer, and was actually badly injured in a November explosion. He moved with them into easternBosnia, where in 1942 he and his wife collaborated closely withJosip Broz Tito and he became one of the most important delegates to theAVNOJ.[6] While Savić's contributions to the war effort weren't quite in his area of expertise, he was trusted by the Partisan leadership, and was put in charge of all matters of education, which he used to promote school participation in the liberated areas of theBihać Republic.[7]
As the Germans engaged in OperationCase White, Savić maintained his position with the Partisan Supreme Command, but fell out of favor in July 1943, and was demoted for reasons that are unclear. He nevertheless participated in the second convention of AVNOJ in November the same year, and in April 1944 was again promoted in the military, and sent on a mission to the Soviet Union. He arrived in Moscow where he also immediately engaged in scientific work withPyotr Kapitsa and others, on the topic of liquid helium on extremely low temperatures.[8] He returned home in October 1944 to liberated Belgrade, where he continued his socio-political activities as well as work on the restoration of the university. After the war had ended, he had another short stint in Moscow, but returned home to work on founding of an Institute of Physics, and was also promoted to a member of theSerbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1946 and 1948.[9]
After the war he was one of the primary promoters of the idea of constructing theVinča Nuclear Institute, as in 1948 Savić became the director of the then-Institute of Physics, the research center for the Yugoslav nuclear programme.[9][10][11] As the political situation changed with the beginning of theInformbiro period the same year, he was forced to become independent of any help from the Soviet Union. Later, in 1958, he became a member of theAcademy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.[9]
In 1966, he assumed an academic post at his alma mater, the University of Belgrade, as a professor at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry and Department of Physics, now Faculty of Physics. In 1981, he took his retirement.[12]
He was also the president ofSerbian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1971 to 1981,[9] the year he retired.[13]
He became a member of theNew York Academy of Sciences in 1960, theHungarian Academy of Sciences in 1970 and theAcademy of Athens in 1975.[9]
In 1987, he was mentioned in the so-calledVojko i Savle affair.
He published his last scientific paper a few months before his death, at the age of 85, inBelgrade.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)| Academic offices | ||
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| Preceded by | President of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 1971–1981 | Succeeded by |
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