Paul Troost | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1878-08-17)August 17, 1878 |
| Died | January 21, 1934(1934-01-21) (aged 55) |
| Alma mater | Technische Universität Darmstadt |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse | |
Paul Ludwig Troost (17 August 1878 – 21 January 1934)[1][2] was a Germanarchitect. A favourite master builder ofAdolf Hitler from 1930, hisNeoclassical designs for theFührerbau, theVerwaltungsbau der NSDAP and theHaus der Kunst inMunich influenced the style ofNazi architecture.
Born inElberfeld in theRhineland, Troost attended theTechnical College of Darmstadt and, upon finishing his course, worked withMartin Dülfer in Munich beginning in 1920. He then qualified as a university lecturer.[3] In the 1920s, he opened his own architectural office and became a member of the modernistDeutscher Werkbund association. Troost designed several rooms ofCecilienhof Palace inPotsdam. After a trip to the United States in 1922, he designed steamship décor for theNorddeutscher Lloyd shipping company beforeWorld War I, and the fittings for transatlantic liners in a style that combined Spartan traditionalism with elements of modernity. He was in charge of design for all of the company's largest ships, such asSSEuropa,SSBerlin,SSMünchen, andSSHomeric, until 1929.[3]
An extremely tall, spare-looking, reservedWestphalian with a close-shaven head, Troost belonged to a school of architects likePeter Behrens andWalter Gropius who, even before 1914, reacted sharply against the highly ornamentalJugendstil movement and advocated a restrained, lean architectural approach, almost devoid of ornament.
Troost and Hitler first met in 1929, through the Nazi publisherHugo Bruckmann and his wifeElsa.[3] Although before 1933 he did not belong to the leading group of German architects, Troost became Hitler's foremost architect whose neo-classical style became for a time the official architecture of theThird Reich. His work filled Hitler with enthusiasm, and he planned and built state and municipal edifices throughout Germany.
Hitler commissioned Troost to convert the Barlow Palais in Munich into the headquarters of theNazi Party, the "Brown House",[3] decorating it in a heavy, anti-modernist style under Hitler's supervision.
In the autumn of 1933, he was commissioned to rebuild and refurnish Hitler's dwellings in theReich Chancellery inBerlin.[4] Along with other architects likeLudwig Ruff, Troost planned and built State and municipal edifices throughout the country, including new administrative offices, social buildings for workers and bridges across the main highways. One of the many structures he planned before his death was theHaus der Deutschen Kunst ("House of German Art") in Munich,[5] modeled on Schinkel'sAltes Museum in Berlin. The museum was constructed from 1933 to 1937 following Troost's plans, and wasNazi Germany's first monumental structure ofNazi architecture.[6] Hitler intended it to be a great temple for a "true, eternal art of the German people". It was a good example of the imitation of classical forms in monumental public buildings during the Third Reich, though subsequently Hitler moved away from the more restrained style of Troost, reverting to the more elaborate imperial grandeur that he had admired in the 19th centuryVienna Ring Road (Ringstraße) boulevard of his youth.
Troost also redesignedKönigsplatz in Munich to include new Nazi Party buildings and a "Temple of Honour".[3]
Hitler's relationship to Troost was that of a pupil to an admired teacher. According toAlbert Speer, who later became Hitler's favorite architect, theFührer would impatiently greet Troost with the words: "I can't wait, Herr Professor. Is there anything new? Let's see it!" Troost would then lay out his latest plans and sketches. Hitler frequently declared, according to Speer, that "he first learned what architecture was from Troost"'. The architect's death on 21 January 1934, after a severe illness, was a painful blow, but Hitler remained close to his widowGerdy Troost, whose architectural taste frequently coincided with his own, which made her (in Speer's words) "a kind of arbiter of art in Munich".
Troost died on 21 January 1934 at the age of 55.[3] Hitler posthumously awarded him theGerman National Prize for Art and Science in 1937. He was buried in the MunichNordfriedhof (Northern Cemetery). The gravestone still survives.
