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Cossack folklore |
TheOrenburg Cossack Host (Russian:Оренбургское казачье войско) was a part of theCossack population in pre-revolutionaryRussia, located in theOrenburg province (today'sOrenburg Oblast, part of theChelyabinsk Oblast andBashkortostan).
After having constructedfortifications around the future town of Orenburg in 1734, they officially founded it in 1735. For the purpose of defending the city and colonizing the region, the Russian government relocated the Cossacks fromUfa,Iset,Samara and other places and created the Orenburg non-regularcorps in 1748. In 1755, a part of it was transformed into the OrenburgCossack Host with 2,000 men.
In 1773–1774, the Orenburg Cossacks took part inYemelyan Pugachev'sinsurrection. In 1798, all of the Cossacksettlements in the SouthernUrals were incorporated into the Orenburg Cossack Host (except for theUral Cossacks). Adecree of 1840 established the borders of the Host and its composition (10 cavalry regiments and 3 artillery battalions). In the mid-19th century, the Cossack population of this region equaled 200,000 people.
The Orenburg Host participated in theRusso-Swedish War of 1788–1790, and later in the campaigns that Russia waged in order to conquerCentral Asia.
The Orenburg Host consisted of 2 districts, orokrugs (after 1878 - 3 departments, orotdels). By 1916, the Cossack population of this region had grown to 533,000 people occupying a territory of 7,45 milliondesyatinas. One desyatina equaled 2,7acres (11,000 m2). In the early 19th century, the Orenburg Cossack Host supplied 6 cavalry regiments, 3 artillery battalions, 1 cavalry battalion, 1sotnia (100 men) of guards and 2 detached sotnias. DuringWorld War I, the Orenburg Cossack Host supplied 18 cavalry regiments, 9,5 artillery battalions, 1 cavalry battalion, 1 sotnia of guards, 9 unmounted sotnias, 7,5 reserve sotnias and 39 detached and special sotnias (to a total of about 27,000 men).
After theOctober Revolution of 1917, the leadership of the Orenburg Cossack Host, under the command ofAtamanAlexander Dutov, fought against theTurkestan Red Army.[1] The poorer Cossacks joined the ranks of theRed Army. The 1st Orenburg CossackSocialist Regiment took part in theUral Army Campaign of 1918.
In 1920, the Orenburg Cossack Host ceased to exist.
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The distinguishing colour of the Orenburg Cossack Host was light blue; worn on the cap bands, shoulder straps and wide trouser stripes of a dark green uniform, of the loose-fitting cut common to the Steppe Cossacks. High fleece hats were worn on occasion with light blue cloth tops.[2] Officers wore silver epaulettes and braiding.[3] After 1907, a khaki-grey service uniform of standard Imperial Cavalry pattern was introduced, but the light blue distinctions were retained until 1920.