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Incomputer science andartificial intelligence,ontology languages areformal languages used to constructontologies. They allow theencoding of knowledge about specificdomains and often includereasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usuallydeclarative languages, are almost always generalizations offrame languages, and are commonly based on eitherfirst-order logic or ondescription logic.
These languages use amarkup scheme to encode knowledge, most commonly withXML.
Three languages are completely or partiallyframe-based languages.
Description logic provides an extension offrame languages, without going so far as to take the leap tofirst-order logic and support for arbitrary predicates.
Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description logic-based. It distinguishes between the semantic differences among others of:
It also contains constructs to express queries and communicative intent.
Several ontology languages support expressions infirst-order logic and allow general predicates.
