TheMonastery of Our Lady of Prouille orProuilhe (fromOccitan:Prolha), is the "cradle of the Dominicans", where the firstDominican house, amonastery ofnuns, was founded in late 1206 or early 1207. It is located in a hamlet inLanguedoc, France, lying betweenFanjeaux andBram (now in the département ofAude), at the point where the road fromCastelnaudary toLimoux crosses the road from Bram toMirepoix.
In the early 13th century, Prouille was a decayed village, a fortified enclosure with a few buildings surrounding a crumbling church attached to the parish of Fanjeaux.Diego de Acebo,Bishop of Osma, and hiscanon,Dominic Gúzman, established themselves at Prouille, deep inCathar country, in late 1206. BishopFoulques of Toulouse allowed them to use the church, and, more important, Guillaume and Raymonde Claret of Prouille gave themselves and their cottage. On 17 April 1207 — the first certain date in the history of Notre-Dame-de-Prouille — Bérenger, theBishop of Narbonne gave the new establishment the revenues of the Church of Saint-Martin at Limoux, though this gift was destined to be disputed by the Abbey ofSaint-Hilaire. In 1211 Foulques gave the revenues of Prouille itself, part of his own income as bishop, to the house. The most generous donor wasSimon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, leader of theAlbigensian Crusade, and others followed his example.
The house thus established was intended partly as a refuge for women who had previously lived in Cathar religious houses but had formally converted toCatholicism, and partly the first established base of operations for Dominic and his followers.[1] About twelve women, including Raymonde Claret, were the first nuns of Prouille, living under theRule of St. Augustine: for several months some of them lodged at Fanjeaux, perhaps in the house of the firstprioress of Prouille, Guillelmine de Fanjeaux, because the buildings at Prouille were scarcely habitable.
The house was governed, however, by men, initially Dominic himself — the firstprocurator or prior — and Guillaume Claret. Dominic was succeeded as prior by Brother Noel[2] and then by Guillaume Claret. Other men lived there too, because the second purpose of Prouille was to serve as a base for the itinerant preachers who conducted the work of conversion of the Cathars begun by Diego and Dominic. As such, the house is sometimes namedSacra Praedicatio, the "Sacred Preaching", in early documents. It has many other names, "church", "abbey", or (in a document of 1211) "the converted ladies living the religious life by the Church of Sainte-Marie of Prouille".
Dominic himself placed a special importance on the enclosure of women, yet it was not until 1294, many years after his death, that Prouille became a fully enclosed house. From that date onwards its nuns are described in documents assorores inclusae, "enclosed sisters".
The monastery was so thoroughly razed during theFrench Revolution that only one archkeystone remains.[3] Its triumphal rebuilding was a personal project ofHenri-Dominique Lacordaire, who was the catalyst of the return of the banned Dominicans to France under the French Second Empire;[4]
Histories of theHoly Rosary often attribute its origin to Saint Dominic, inspired by a vision of theBlessed Virgin Mary at Prouille.[5]Our Lady of the Rosary is the title received by the reportedMarian apparition toSaint Dominic in 1208 in the Church of Prouille, in which the Virgin Mary gave the rosary to him.[6]
43°11′16″N2°02′04″E / 43.1878°N 2.0344°E /43.1878; 2.0344
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