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Neopaganism inHungary (Hungarian:Újpogányság) is very diverse, with followers of theHungarian Native Faith and of other religions, includingWiccans,Kemetics,Mithraics,Druids andChristopagans.[1]
Szilárdi (2006) describes the movement as apostmodern combination ofethnocentric linguistic, national, religious and occasional political patterns of identity. Interest in thereconstruction of anethnic religion for theHungarians manifested for the first time in the early 20th century.[2] A contribution to the popularisation ofPagan ideas in the Hungarian society was the tremendous success of the rock operaIstván, a király in 1983.[3]
Many Pagan groups inHungary make use ofChristian terminology and iconography re-interpreted in an ethnic Pagan way. This is the case of the "Church of Esoteric Beliefs — Church of the Holy Crown" (Hungarian:Ezoterikus Tanok Egyháza — Szent Korona Egyház), conceptualising aScythian ancient religion with Christian character, worshiping theFény Jézus ("Light Jesus") and theBoldogasszony ("Blessed Lady"), with thetáltos as priests.[4] The church has been establishingnaptemplomok (singular:naptemplom), "temples of the Sun", as its places of worship. Another organisation of this kind is the "Our Lady's Love Church" (Nagyboldogasszony Szeretet Egyház).
Hungarian Neopaganism, the Hungarian native faith, orŐsmagyar Vallás (meaning "Ancient Hungarian Religion" or more accurately "Arch-Hungarian Religion") as it is called in the local Neopagan discourse, defines the movements which seek to rebuild a purely Hungarianethnic religion, inspired toHungarian mythology andfolklore. This drift has roots in the ethnological studies of the early 20th century, while the elaboration of a national Hungarian religion was endorsed in the interwarTuranist circles (1930s-40s), finally blossoming alongside other Pagan religions since the fall of theSoviet Union.[5] The difference between Hungarian Neopagan groups is often determined by their differing ideas about the historical origins of theHungarians.[6]
The development of the Hungarian Neopagan movements largely rely on the work of individualshamans orneoshamans, thetáltos, who may organise themselves in associations, set up schools, or establish larger religious organisations.[7] The shamans' movement started to come to light in the 1980s, organising cooperation with representatives ofcore shamanism from theUnited States since 1986.[8] Thosetáltos who espouse a Turanist ideology often choose to affiliate withTengrism.[9]
The most important organisations of this kind are theYotengrit, and theŐsmagyar Táltos Egyház ("Arch-Hungarian Táltos Church") founded by András Kovács-Magyar, who later also founded theTáltos Iskola ("Táltos School").[10] Other groups of this stream are theŐsmagyar Egyház ("Arch-Hungarian Church") and theMagyar Vallás Közössége ("Community of Hungarian Religion").[11]
Another church of the Hungarian native faith is theÁrpád Rendjének Jogalapja Tradicionális Egyház ("Traditional Church of the Order of Árpád"), founded in 2009. It is inspired by theTraditionalist School, theNouvelle Droite ofAlain de Benoist, and to the concept of a commonIndo-European paganism.[12]
The "Ankh — Church of Eternal Life" (Hungarian:Ankh — Az Örök Élet Egyháza) is aKemetic church inHungary, founded in 1999. They propose a theory that seesGod as the source of the universe, himself being the universe, inclosing every conscious and unconscious being. The aim of the organisation is to cultivate and meet the gods, who are the powers acting in the creation.
TheSodalitas Mithraica (Latin for "Mithraic Fellowship") is a Neo-Mithraic group active inHungary.[13]
Magyar Boszorkányszövetség (meaning "Hungarian Witchcraft") is aBudapest-based Neopagan organization formed in 1986.Wicca, a religion ofEnglish origin, has spread to Hungary as in the other countries ofWestern Europe.Zsuzsanna Budapest, a Hungarian who emigrated to theUnited States, is the founder of the Wiccan denomination known asDianic Wicca, popular in North America. TheCeltic Wiccan Tradition Church (Kelta-Wicca Hagyományőrzők Egyháza) is aCeltic Wiccan church in Hungary. The Berkano Tradition, founded in 2005, is a current with mostly traditional Wiccan roots.
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