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 Aerial view of the museum in 2010 | |
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| Established | 1964 |
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| Location | 1300Constitution Ave. NW,Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Coordinates | 38°53′28″N77°01′48″W / 38.89111°N 77.03000°W /38.89111; -77.03000 |
| Type | History museum |
| Visitors | 2.1 million (2023)[1] |
| Director | Anthea M. Hartig |
| Architect | McKim, Mead & White |
| Public transit access |     atFederal Triangle |
| Website | americanhistory |
TheNational Museum of American History: Kenneth E. Behring Center is a historical museum inWashington, D.C. It collects, preserves, and displays the heritage of theUnited States in the areas of social, political, cultural, scientific, and military history. Among the items on display is the originalStar-Spangled Banner. Themuseum is part of theSmithsonian Institution and located on theNational Mall at14th Street andConstitution Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.
In 2023, the museum received 2.1 million visitors, ranking theeighth-most visited museum in the U.S.[1]
The museum opened in 1964 as theMuseum of History and Technology. It was one of the last structures designed by the renowned architectural firmMcKim Mead & White. In 1980, the museum was renamed theNational Museum of American History to represent its mission of the collection, care, study, and interpretation of objects that reflect the experience of the American people.
The museum site had previously held twotemporary war buildings constructed in 1942.[2][3]
In 1973, representatives of theCommittee to Re-elect the President forced the museum to temporarily close the Right to Vote exhibit in advance ofRichard Nixon's second inauguration. The exhibit had been designed by historianEdith Mayo.[4]
In May 2012,John Gray became the new director.[5] He retired from the post in May 2018 and was succeeded by Anthea M. Hartig who was previously chief executive of the California Historical Society.[6]
The museum underwent an $85 million renovation from September 5, 2006, to November 21, 2008,[7] during which time it was closed.[8]Skidmore, Owings and Merrill provided the architecture and interior design services for the renovation, led byGary Haney.[9] Major changes made during the renovation include:
In 2012, the museum began a $37 million renovation of the west wing to add new exhibition spaces, public plazas and an education center.[10] The renovation will also include panoramic windows overlooking the National Mall on all three floors and new interactive features to the exhibits.[11] The first floor of the west wing reopened on July 1, 2015, with the second and third floors of the west wing reopening in 2016 and 2017, respectively.[12]
Each wing of the museum's three exhibition floors is anchored by a landmark object to highlight the theme of that wing. These include theJohn Bull locomotive,the Greensboro, North Carolina lunch counter, and a one of a kind draft wheel. Landmarks from pre-existing exhibits include the 1865 Vassar Telescope, aGeorge Washington Statue, aRed Cross ambulance, and a car fromDisneyland'sDumbo Flying Elephant ride.
Artifact walls, 275 feet (84 m) of glass-fronted cases, line the first and second floor center core. The artifact walls are organized around themes including arts; popular culture; business, work and economy; home and family; community; land and natural resources; peopling America; politics and reform; science; medicine; technology; and the United States' role in the world.
The lower level of the museum displaysTaking America to Lunch, which celebrates the history of American lunch boxes, many decorated with pop culture. The museum'sfood court, the Stars and Stripes Café, and ride simulators are also located here.
The first floor's East Wing (called 1 East) has exhibits that feature transportation and technology; they includeAmerica on the Move andLighting a Revolution. TheJohn Bull locomotive is the signature artifact. Exhibits withinAmerica on the Move includeSouthern Railway locomotive no. 1401,Santa Cruz Railroad no. 3, and aChicago "L" elevated station diorama featuring aCTA 6000-series railcar.
The exhibits in the West Wing (1 West) address science and innovation. They includeScience in American Life featuring Robots on the Road andBon Appétit!Julia Child's Kitchen.Spark!Lab is a hands-on exhibit of the Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation. The Vassar Telescope is the signature artifact.
A café and the main museum store are also located on the first floor. The first floor also contains the Constitution Avenue lobby (1 Center), as well as a space for a temporary exhibit.
The exhibitions in 2 East, the east wing of the second floor, consider American ideals and include the Albert Small Documents Gallery featuring rotating exhibits. From November 21, 2008, through January 4, 2009, an original copy of theGettysburg Address, on loan from theWhite House, was on display. TheGreensboro lunch counter is the signature artifact for this section of the museum.
Located in the center of the second floor (2 Center) is the originalStar Spangled Banner Flag which inspiredFrancis Scott Key'spoem. The newly conserved flag, the centerpiece of the renovated museum, is displayed in a climate-controlled room at the heart of the museum. An interactive display byPotion Design, just across the room from the flag, features a full-size, digital reproduction of the flag that allows patrons to learn more about it by touching different areas on the flag.
TheGeorge Washington statue, sculpted byHoratio Greenough for exhibit in theRotunda of the United States Capitol and in celebration of the centennial of Washington's birth, is the signature artifact for 2 West, the west wing of the second floor of the museum.
An entire eighteenth centurycolonial house, theChoate-Caldwell House (c. 1710/1760) fromIpswich, Massachusetts is located on the second floor (in 2 West) as part of the "Within These Walls" exhibit.[13]
The second floor also houses the museum's new welcome center and a store. The second-floor lobby leads out to Madison Drive and theNational Mall.
Exhibits in the east wing of the third floor, 3 East, are focused on the military history of the United States; they includeThe Price of Freedom: Americans at War and the gunboatPhiladelphia.
The center of the third floor, 3 Center, presentsThe American Presidency: A Glorious Burden, which explores the personal and public lives of the men who have held that office. It also features the popular permanent exhibit ofFirst Ladies of America, which features their contributions and changing roles, and displays their dresses as a mark of changing times.
The third-floor west wing, 3 West, has exhibits that feature entertainment, sports, and music. These includeThanks for the Memories: Music, Sports and Entertainment History, the Hall of Musical Instruments, andThe Dolls' House. A car fromDisneyland'sDumbo the Flying Elephant ride. The most recent exhibit isEntertainment Nation which features objects from Judy Garland, Prince, Selena, Muhammad Ali,Star Wars,Sesame Street,Hamilton, and more.[14]
On the Third floor west, the Gypsy Rose is currently featured in the new exhibit "Corazón y vida: Lowriding Culture" and will remain on display from September 2025 through October 2027.[15] The Gypsy Rose is one of the most iconic lowriders. Featured in the opening credits of the 1970s television show Chico and the Man, as well as in the 1979 film Boulevard Nights, this car thrust lowriding into the popular imagination. Custom interiors and hand-painted roses make the car stand out while cruising the streets of Los Angeles and help set the standard for lowriders today. Other lowriders of the time drew inspiration from this car’s unique details, such as its interior candle sconce.[16]
In 1967, the 24-foot-tall (7.3 m)abstractsculptureInfinity was dedicated at theNational Mall entrance. Designed byJosé de Rivera and created byRoy Gussow, it was one of the first abstract sculptures displayed at a majorpublic building in Washington D.C. The sculpture is a 16-foot-long (4.9 m), polishedstainless steel ribbon on top of agranite tower.[17]
Alexander Calder's sculptureGwenfritz was installed in a fountain on the west side. The steel abstractstabile was dedicated to the museum on June 2, 1969. In 1984, the museum moved the work to a site closer to Constitution Avenue until July 2013, when conservators removed it for restoration. The sculpture returned to its original site in November 2014, and sits in the midst of a re-created reflecting pool.[18] Calder's original plan for the sculpture envisioned it surrounded by water jets, but architects and engineers of the site determined that the fountain would be challenging to maintain and the water spray would hasten deterioration of the metal.[19]
In support of the museum's mission, the Archives Center identifies, acquires, and preserves significant archival records in many media and formats to document America's history and its diverse cultures. Center staff arrange, describe, preserve, and make collections accessible in support of scholarship, exhibitions, publications, and education.
The Archives Center occupies over 12,000 feet (3,700 m) of shelving in the National Museum of American History building. Subject strengths include the history of the radio, television, the telegraph, computing, and other aspects of the history of technology with a special interest in the history of invention; advertising, marketing, and entrepreneurship; commercial visual ephemera (postcards, greeting cards); American music (sheet music, jazz) and musical instruments. These, and a wide range of other subjects, are documented in business records, personal papers, and extensive holdings of motion picture film, video and sound recordings, historical photographs, and oral histories.
The Lemelson Center, an initiative of theLemelson Foundation, produces educational programs, popular and academic publications, exhibitions, podcasts and symposia about invention. The mission of the Lemelson Center is to document, interpret and disseminate information about invention and innovation, encourage creativity in young people, and foster an appreciation for the central role of innovation in the history of theUnited States. The Center frequently provides a multi-year focus on some aspect of how invention has influenced American society, such as its 2002 "Invention and the Environment" theme. Programs include an annual symposium, presentations and guest speakers, and often the publication of a book highlighting a particular topic.
The Center provides free curricular material to classrooms throughout theUnited States, organizes traveling museum exhibitions (such asInvention at Play), and provides research opportunities. It obtains archival collections related to invention for the museum's Archives Center. Such collections consist of the papers and materials that document the work of past and current American inventors.
The following individuals have served as the director of the NMAH. The museum was initially created on July 1, 1957, as the Museum of History and Technology within the United States National Museum; it became the National Museum of History and Technology in 1969 and the National Museum of American History in 1980.[20]
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