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NIN (cuneiform)

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Sumerian word

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Cuneiform NIN ("lady") sign, aligature of MUNUS (𒊩) and TÚG (𒌆)

TheSumerian wordNIN (𒊩𒌆), later borrowed intoAkkadian, was used to denote a queen or a priestess, and is often translated as "lady". Other translations include "queen", "mistress", "proprietress", and "lord".^[1] The wordEREŠ, also meaning "queen" or "lady",^[2] is written using the cuneiform sign for NIN as well.

Manygoddesses are called NIN or EREŠ, such as^DNIN.GAL ("great lady"),^DÉ.NIN.GAL ("lady of the great temple"),^DEREŠ.KI.GAL, and^DNIN.TI.

The compound form NIN.DINGIR ("divine lady" or "lady [of a] god"), denotes apriestess.

In writing

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NIN originated as aligature of thecuneiform glyphs ofMUNUS (𒊩) andTÚG (𒌆); the NIN sign was written as MUNUS.TÚG (𒊩𒌆) in archaic cuneiform, notably in theCodex Hammurabi.^{[citation needed]} The syllablenin, on the other hand, was written as MUNUS.KA (𒊩𒅗) in Assyrian cuneiform. MUNUS.KU = NIN₉^{[clarification needed]} (𒊩𒆪) means "sister".^{[citation needed]}

Basic cuneiform MUNUS sign ("woman")
Basic cuneiform TÚG sign (syllableku)

Occurrence in the Gilgamesh epic

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Ninsun (^DNIN.SÚN) as the mother ofGilgamesh in theEpic of Gilgamesh (standardBabylonian version), appears in 5 of the 12 chapters (tablets I, II, III, IV, and XII). The other personage using NIN is the godNinurta (^DNIN.URTA), who appears in Tablet I, and especially in theflood myth of Tablet XI.^{[citation needed]}

Of the 51 uses of NIN, the other major usage is for theAkkadian wordeninna (nin as ine-nin-na, but also other variants).Eninna is the adverb "now", but it can also be used as aconjunction, or as asegue-form (a transition form).^{[citation needed]}^{[clarification needed]}

The two uses of NIN as the word for "sister" (Akkadianahātu), for example, are used in Tablet 8 (The Mourning ofEnkidu), line 38:^{[citation needed]}

"May…

"May the brothers go into mourning over you like sisters…"

References

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^J A Halloran –Lexicon →[1] Retrieved 2012-06-07 &ISBN 0978642902
^J A Halloran –Sumerian Lexicon Version 3.0. Retrieved 2023-09-05.

Parpola, Simo, with Mikko Luuko, and Kalle Fabritius (1997).The Standard Babylonian, Epic of Gilgamesh. TheNeo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project.ISBN 951-45-7760-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (Volume 1) in the original Akkadian cuneiform and transliteration; commentary and glossary are in English