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Mesodermochelys

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Extinct genus of turtles

Mesodermochelys Temporal range:Late CretaceousCampanian–Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Mesodermochelys undulatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Dermochelyidae
Genus:	†Mesodermochelys Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996^[1]
Type species
†Mesodermochelys undulatus Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996^[1]

Mesodermochelys is anextinct genus ofsea turtle known from theCampanian to theMaastrichtian (LateCretaceous) of what today isJapan^[2] and from the Maastrichtian ofChile.^[3] One species is known, thetype speciesM. undulatus;^[1] it was given itsbinomial name by Ren Hirayama and Tsutomu Chitoku in 1996.^[4] Studies of its skull indicate that it was a primitive member of the Dermochelyidae (leatherback turtle family) that was closely related to theProtostegidae.^[2] It has been described as the best representative ofMesozoic dermochelyids.^[1]

Description

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Restoration of twoMesodermochelys (middle) and other sea creatures swimming around aKamuysaurus carcass

Like other dermochelyids,Mesodermochelys had elongated front flippers.^[2] One fossil found in Japan'sKagawa Prefecture had acarapace estimated to be 1.3 m (4.3 ft) in length,^[4] and specimen from Hokkaido had carapace up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft).^[1] Largest specimen is estimated to have shell around 2 m (6.6 ft), possibly comparable withArchelon.^[5] Only the neural or spinalscutes, or individual plates, of the carapace are well grooved.^[1]

Specimens

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The holotype specimen ofMesodermochelys undulatus Hobetsu Museum (HMG) 5 was collected in 1980 from theMaastrichtian Hakobuchi Formation (Yezo Group) in Inasato,Hobetsu,Hokkaido, Japan. It comprises a supraoccipital and partial postcranial skeleton and was reported in 1996 along with 14 referred specimens collected between 1977 and 1994 and also reposited at HMG.^[1]

In October 2005, Yoshiyuki Hattori uncovered a skull presumed to beMesodermochelys, from an unnamedSantonian-aged interval of theYezo Group inHokkaido. The skull is very well preserved but is missing most of the dermal roof bones through weathering. It was donated to the defunct Historical Museum of Hokkaido, which has since been integrated into and replaced by theHokkaido Museum.^[2]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gHirayama R, Chitoku T. (1996). "Family Dermochelyidae (Superfamily Chelonioidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Japan".Transactions and proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan. New series184: 597-622.online, retrieved 28 July 2008
^^a ^b ^c ^dHirayama R. (2007). "Cranial morphology ofMesodermochelys (Chelonioidea; Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous of Japan".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology27 (3): 89A.online, retrieved 28 July 2008
^Otero, Rodrigo A. (2024). "Review of two marine vertebrate assemblages from the Arauco Basin (central Chile) reveals diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian".Cretaceous Research.166. 105996.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105996.
^^a ^bHirayama R, Fujii A, Takahashi K. (2006). "A dermochelyid sea turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Izumi Group of Shionoe, Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Western Japan".Fossils (Palaeontological Society of Japan)80: 17-20.online, retrieved 28 July 2008
^Sato, T.; Konishi, T.; Hirayama, R.; Caldwell, M. W. (2012-10-01)."A review of the Upper Cretaceous marine reptiles from Japan".Cretaceous Research.37:319–340.Bibcode:2012CrRes..37..319S.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.009.ISSN 0195-6671.

Dermochelyidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Chelonioidea
Family:Dermochelyidae

Genera

Species of theDermochelyidae family

†Arabemys

†Arabemys crassiscutata

†Corsochelys

†Corsochelys halinches

†Cosmochelys

†Cosmochelys dolloi

Dermochelys

Leatherback sea turtle

†Eosphargis

†Eosphargis breineri

†Mesodermochelys

†Mesodermochelys undulatus

†Psephophorus

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Mesodermochelys	Wikidata:Q6821460 Wikispecies:Mesodermochelys GBIF:4819104 IRMNG:1214553 Open Tree of Life:3606600 Paleobiology Database:239567

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