Mathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond is akinetic and static exhibition of mathematical concepts designed byCharles and Ray Eames, originally debuted at theCalifornia Museum of Science and Industry in 1961. Duplicates have since been made, and they (as well as the original) have been moved to other institutions.[1]
In March, 1961 a new science wing at theCalifornia Museum of Science and Industry[2] in Los Angeles opened. TheIBM Corporation had been asked by the museum to make a contribution; IBM in turn asked the famous California designer team ofCharles Eames and his wifeRay Eames to come up with a good proposal. The result was that the Eames Office was commissioned by IBM to design an interactive exhibition calledMathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond.[3][1] This was the first of many exhibitions designed by the Eames Office.[4]
The 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) exhibition stayed at the museum until January 1998, making it the longest running of any corporate sponsored museum exhibition.[5][1] Furthermore, it is the only one of the dozens of exhibitions designed by the Office of Charles and Ray Eames that is still extant.[4] This originalMathematica exhibition was reassembled for display at the Alyce de Roulet Williamson Gallery atArt Center College of Design inPasadena, California, July 30 through October 1, 2000. From October 6, 2001 to May 5, 2002, it was exhibited at theExploratorium in San Francisco.[6]
After 2004, it is now owned by and on display at theNew York Hall of Science inQueens, New York, though it currently lacks the overhead plaques with quotations from mathematicians that were part of the original installation.[7]
In November, 1961 an exact duplicate was made for Chicago'sMuseum of Science and Industry, where it was shown until late 1980. From there it was sold and relocated to theMuseum of Science inBoston, Massachusetts, where it is permanently on display in the Theater of Electricity.[8] The Boston installation bears the closest resemblance to the original Eames design, including numerous overhead plaques featuring historic quotations from famous mathematicians. As part of a refurbishment, a graphic panel was added to supplement the original History Wall timeline, to recognize the contributions of both men and women mathematicians of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.[8]
A third copy was made for the IBM Pavilion at the1964/1965 New York World's Fair.[9] Subsequently, it was briefly on display inManhattan, and was then installed in thePacific Science Center inSeattle where it stayed until 1980. It was briefly re-installed in New York City at the590 Madison Avenue IBM Headquarters Building, before being moved toSciTrek inAtlanta in 1998, but that organization was shut down in 2004 due to funding cuts. The exhibit was then shipped toPetaluma, California to Lucia Eames, the daughter of the original designers. In 2015, the exhibit was acquired by theHenry Ford Museum inDearborn, Michigan,[10] where it is now on display.[11]
Some of the displays are minimally interactive, in that they start to operate at the push of a button. Other displays are motorized and run continuously, or operate automatically on a fixed cycle as long as electrical power is supplied. The moving display elements combine with noise made by balls falling through the probability machine, to fill the exhibit space with an atmosphere of continuous activity.
In addition, large placards hang from the ceiling, carrying interesting quotations from famous mathematicians. Some installations have omitted this feature, although it was an integral part of the original exhibition.
Five "Mathematical Peepshow" animated movies were created for the IBM Pavilion at the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair. They coveredEratosthenes,functions,symmetry,topology, andexponential growth.[12] The movies are now viewable on YouTube and other websites.
In 1966, five years after the opening of the Mathematica Exhibit, IBM published a 2-by-12-foot (0.61 m × 3.66 m)timeline poster, titledMen of Modern Mathematics. It was based on the items displayed on the exhibit's History Wall, and free copies were distributed to schools. The timeline covered the period from 1000 AD to approximately 1950 AD, and the poster featured biographical and historical items, along with numerous pictures showing progress in various areas of science, including architecture. The mathematical items in this chart were prepared by ProfessorRaymond Redheffer ofUCLA.[13] Long after the chart was distributed, mathematics departments around the world have proudly displayed this chart on their walls.[13][14]
In 2012, IBM Corporation released a freeiPad application,Minds of Modern Mathematics, based on the poster but updated to the present, including expanded coverage ofwomen mathematicians. The app was developed by IBM with the assistance of the Eames Office.[15][14]
| Architecture |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Exhibitions | ||
| Films |
| |
| Furniture | ||
| Other | ||
| History | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Products |
| ||||||||
| Business entities |
| ||||||||
| Facilities |
| ||||||||
| Initiatives | |||||||||
| Inventions | |||||||||
| Terminology | |||||||||
| CEOs |
| ||||||||
| Other | |||||||||
.jpg)
